Jocs amb la Raspberry Pi 3 model B, des l'estiu 2016

El Raspberry Pi ...

• has ARM architecture
• conté Linux Debian, Fedora, Openwrt i 30 sistemes mes - te tot el que et puguis imaginar i mes :-)

Some webs :

• specs
• power requirements
• SoC
• hw
• RPI hw

Mine has :

• System-on-chip : Broadcom BCM2837
• CPU - 1,2 GHz 64-bit Quad-core ARM Cortex-A53
• GPU: Broadcom VideoCore IV
• graphics - Broadcom VideoCore IV 300 MHz
• RAM - 1 GB LPDDR2 at 900MHz
• storage - MicroSDHC slot
• HDMI amb 1920 x 1080 x 60p
• networking
  • 1x RJ45 amb 10/100 Ethernet
  • 2,4 GHz 802.11n wireless - CYW43438 xip
• bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.1 Classic, Bluetooth Low Energy
• 4x USB 2.0
• power - 800 mA (4.0 W)

The earlier models of Raspberry Pi 2 use a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache.

The Raspberry Pi 3 uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache.

ARMv7 and below are 32-bit. AMRv8 introduces the 64-bit instruction set.

Here's the Cortex-A53 doc

Rasp and Linux kernel and NOOBS at github

If you're running Raspbian then it'll be 32 bit. Run "uname -m" or "uname -a" to confirm.
If it says aarch64 then it is 64 bit. If it says armv7l then it is 32 bit.

Interesting command : Lots of commands [***]

**Raspberry Pi 4 Model B:** display must be connected to HDMI port closest to power jack.

The cable shows up as "v 60 Hz, 1920 x 1080 i"

See restart GUI

• Red PWR LED
  • on if power OK
  • flashes (or goes out) if the power drops below about 4.63V

• Green ACT LED
  • steady on if no SD card during boot
  • irregular flashes for SD card access

• Ethernet Socket Left LED (yellow)
  • on 100-Mbps connection
  • off 10-Mbps connection

• Ethernet Socket Right LED (green)
  • on if link established
  • flashes for port activity
  • off if no link is established

url

We can use gpio + internal devices : asCPUTemperature

RPI "vcgencmd commands"

• usage
• docu
• pypi
• github github

Few commands to see the difference :

• lsusb
• lscpu
• procinfo
• hciconfig
• lshw

Few links :

• xataka
• rs-online
• techrepublic
• binary tides :
  • lscpu
  • lshw -short
  • hwinfo --short
  • lspci
  • lsscsi
  • lsusb
  • inxi -Fx (?)
  • lsblk
  • df -H
  • pydf
  • fdisk -l
  • mount
  • free -m
  • dmidecode
  • /proc files
  • hdparm

Beginners should start with NOOBS , or New Out Of the Box Software to give it its full name.

NOOBS_v3_2_0.zip is 2,3 GB and NOOBS v3_1_1.zip is 1,5 GB

• SD card :
  • for installation of Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software (Full) via NOOBS the minimum card size is 16 GB
  • for the image installation of Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software, the minimum card size is 8 GB
  • for Raspberry Pi OS Lite image installations we recommend a minimum of 4 GB
  • some distributions, for example LibreELEC and Arch, can run on much smaller cards

1. download NOOBS into W500 {c:\temp\rsp3\NOOBS_v3_2.zip} - see "gDrive(gruta)"

2. unzip the file into "C:\temp\rsp3\NOOBS_v3_2"

3. connect the SD card to W500 using square USB adapter {not flat}

4. set up your SD card :

   1. clear the SD : C:\> format /fs:fat32 f: - Raspberry Pi can only read FAT32 volumes

   2. format the SD card as FAT32 using gui_FAT32_format {\\w500\eines}
      Allocation Unit Size = 32768 ;
      if you want to use NOOBS on a card that is 64 GB or larger, you need to reformat it as FAT32 first before copying the NOOBS files to it url

   3. see SD formatter for cards under 32 GB

   4. copy the NOOBS files {contents of "C:\temp\rsp3\NOOBS_v3_2"} onto the SD card :
      • 3 directoris (v 3.1.2) : "defaults", "os" and "overlays"
      • 22 files, as "bcm2708-rpi-b.dtb" and "riscos-boot.bin"

   5. if you have a 2 GB SD card, you have to use Noobs v 3.1.1, as 3.1.2 requires 250 MB more of space !

url

The PiZero does not like 64 GB SD, so I used a 2 GB. Then, the OS does not have space for its data, so I connect a SSD disc.

1. conecta SSD
2. bota raspbian
3. sudo parted /dev/sda
4. fer 1 sola particio que ocupi tot el disc
5. comanda : ?
6. fer rsync

Top

El kit de Diotronic (87,45 €) inclou

• black case - 5 €
• Raspberry Pi 3 model B - 37,50 €
• power supply 2,5 A - 11 €
• 2m UTP
• 1m HDMI
• 16GB microSD class10 with NOOBS v 1.8 pre-installed - 7 €

1. insert SD card into slot
2. connect USB keyboard and mouse
3. connect HDMI into monitor
4. connect Ethernet cable to router (or use wifi)
5. plugin power supply to boot Raspberry Pi

1. NOOBS instala Debian / Raspbian
2. hostname := "raspall" ;
3. default user = "pi", default password = "raspberry" ;
4. passwd pi : u = "pi", p = "bcn10" ; u2 = "sag", p2 = "<ya_3>2016" ;
5. setup wireless for IP := 192.168.1.123 (instead of DHCP) - see bellow

El sistema operatiu es Raspbian, a portmanteau of Raspberry and Debian.

Lots of commands [***]

La configuracio mes interna del Raspberry es fa amb la comanda "raspi-config"

Llegir raspi-config.init

Per exemple, permet posar una clau de pas curta

1. start raspi-config with: sudo raspi-config
2. go into System Options > Wireless LAN
3. type your SSID and your password
4. exit the tool - after a few seconds, your Pi is now connected to the wireless network you chose

raspberry tips

El nostre filesystem és:

Homepage : The Raspbian repository is the entire set of Raspbian packages organized in a special on-line directory tree which can be used to install thousands of additional software packages on your Raspberry Pi.

The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains the information needed to install additional software packages on your Raspberry Pi from the Raspbian repository. This file should contain the following information:

If needed, the Raspbian public key can be stored into your apt-get keyring using the following command:

You can browse the package list here or here, in "software" section

To search the local package repository index, use:

Basic values :

Show wireless configuration

Some details :

Show what interfaces will be brought up (from /etc/network/interfaces I'd say) :

Wifi values (usr/pwd) are stored in file /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf.
IP values (static IP, default gateway, DNS's) are in /etc/dhcpcd.conf, also displayed at /etc/resolv.conf

Sample :

Display available wifi's at 2,4 GHz:

Get interface :

The line iface eth0 inet dhcp means we get an IP using DHCP.

Get some details :

Write down gateway (192.168.1.1) and net mask (255.255.255.0)

Set values in /etc/network/interfaces file, as

Restart network

elinux

Read doc

To set a fixed IP, edit /etc/dhcpcd.conf to include

stackexchange, archlinux

Get (generated) DNS :

A can Llovet (wifi card "Intel(R) WiFi Link 5100 AGN") hem de posar :

How to know what wifi are we connected to ?

To display available wifi's, use

Can be due to power management. Disable it using the command

To keep power management off after reboot, add to /etc/rc.local :

Verify it is disabled :

Try

Another :

url

pi 3 B+ headless SSH access over wifi

Another url

Sequence is :

1. write a Raspbian image onto the SD card
2. open the SD card on Ubuntu to see the small FAT32 partition
3. create a "ssh.txt" file with any contents
4. create a "wpa_supplicant.conf" file containing :
   #!/bin/bash ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 country=US network={ ssid="Your network SSID" psk="Your WPA/WPA2 security key" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK }

   Set proper values for "country", "ssid" and "psk"

My machines :

Una altra :

Curiosament el R3 no te eixe fitxer ... en ser ""

Solucio : use nmcli, command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager

Dougie Lawson

Tenim les dades en aquest fitxer :

La comanda magica es ... nmtui - text user interface for controlling NetworkManager (curse-based APP)

• nmcli is more flexible and powerful
• nmtui is easier to use and more user-friendly

infotechys

url

url

En conectar-la, veiem a /var/log/dmesg :

USB devices list - see vendor ID (VID) and product ID (PID) :

Modules :

Module GSPCA :

Drivers :

Dona un error extrany en funcionar una estona llarga :

En conectar-la, veiem a /var/log/dmesg :

Atencio : no hi ha "registered new interface driver gspca_zc3xx" - tldp HOWTO

Amb la comanda lsusb :

Specs :

• sensor : CMOS 300 Kpx
• microfono incluido
• resolucion : VGA
• formats : imatge 8 Mpx, video 5 Mpx
• manual [pdf]

/var/log/dmesg :

UVC homepage, UVC FAQs, quirks

Fix : "echo 'options uvcvideo quirks=0x100' | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/(50-)uvcvideo.conf".

USB devices list - see vendor ID (VID) and product ID (PID) :

You can update device list with sudo update-usbids

Modules:

Drivers :

Te problemes de sincronisme vertical en gravar fotos a fitxer.

dwc_otg.speed=1 ?

Pregunto al foro openCV, StackOverflow

It is a UVC device :

Debug :

1. enable trace : sudo echo 0xffff > /sys/module/uvcvideo/parameters/trace
2. reproduce the problem - driver prints message to kernel log
3. disable trace : sudo echo 0 > /sys/module/uvcvideo/parameters/trace
4. capture log : dmesg > dmesg.log

We have :

Sent to linux-uvc-devel

Tried to reduce compression :

Tried changing file type to JPEG, no luck

A powerful feature of the Raspberry Pi is the row of GPIO (general-purpose input/output) pins along the top edge of the board

Read GPIO documentation

As well as simple input and output devices, the GPIO pins can be used with a variety of alternative functions, some are available on all pins, others on specific pins.

Power : the 5 v pins give direct access to the 5 v supply coming from your mains adaptor, less power than used by the Raspberry Pi itself.
A Pi can be powered directly from these pins, and it can also power other 5 v devices. When using these pins directly, be careful and check your voltages before making a connection because they bypass any safety features, such as the voltage regulator and fuse which are there to protect your Pi. If you bypass these with a higher voltage, you could render your Pi inoperable.

Tom's hw

R4 uses MF-MSMF250/X polyfuse or PTC resettable fuses

Open a terminal window and run the command pinout (from pinout.xyz - see GPIO, SPI, I2C, GPCLK, UART, ...)

The GPIO pins can draw 50 mA safely, distributed across all the pins; an individual GPIO pin can only safely draw 16 mA.
The HDMI port uses 50 mA, the camera module requires 250 mA, ...

The output drives to either 3.3 V (high) or 0 V (low). Only one driver is shown in the schematic, but in actuality there are several wired in parallel, with software controlling which are enabled, so that the output drive impedance can be varied to offer 2 mA to 16 mA current capability, in 2 mA increments.

mosaic ind., dibuix

• This is a 3.3 V device. Using 5 V peripherals requires a logic level converter.

• Output
  • Maximum total of all pins 50 mA.
  • Default 8 mA max per pin. (returns to this configuration after reset)
  • Software configurable from 2 mA to 16 mA. Do not source or sink more than what you've configured.
  • Don't drive capacitive loads.

• Input
  • Threshold of 1.8 V
  • Maximum 0.5 mA
  • Use a 10 K resistor to ensure that current from a 3.3 V source cannot exceed 0.5 mA ( 3.3 V / 10 KΩ = 0.33 mA )

  RaspberryPi StackExchange

  special GPIO pins

  Certain GPIO pins also have alternate functions that allow them to interface with different kinds of devices that use the I2C, SPI or UART protocols :

  • PWM (pulse-width modulation)
    • software PWM available on all pins
    • hardware PWM available on GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO18, GPIO19

  • SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface
    • SPI0: MOSI (GPIO10); MISO (GPIO9); SCLK (GPIO11); CE0 (GPIO8), CE1 (GPIO7)
    • SPI1: MOSI (GPIO20); MISO (GPIO19); SCLK (GPIO21); CE0 (GPIO18); CE1 (GPIO17); CE2 (GPIO16)

  • I2C - Inter-Integrated Circuit
    • Data: (GPIO2); Clock (GPIO3)
    • EEPROM Data: (GPIO0); EEPROM Clock (GPIO1)

  • Serial
    • TX (GPIO14); RX (GPIO15)

  The Raspberry Pi GPIOs can be controlled using many programming languages - samples

  El "Python module to control the GPIO on a Raspberry Pi" mes popular és python rpi gpio - wiki amb exemples

  Ves amb compte amb la numeració dels pins que n'hi ha dues : la BCM i la BOARD.

  Per fer-ho anar amb node ens cal rpi-gpio package.

  Python : BCM versus BOARD pin notation

  When using the RPi.GPIO library in Python you have to call

  import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

  and then

  GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)

  or

  GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

  What is the difference ?

  • The GPIO.BOARD option specifies that you are referring to the pins by the number of the pin in the plug, from 1 to 40. This is, the numbers printed on the board.
  • The GPIO.BCM option means that you are referring to the pins by the "Broadcom SOC channel" number. Those numbers are purely "virtual".

  Good tutorial

  Python : run time error "no access top /dev/mem"

  If you get "No access to /dev/mem. Try running as root!", just add the user to the gpio group and reboot.

  Command is "sudo adduser sebas gpio"

  Verify it using "id" command after reboot.

  node.js : BCM versus RPI pin notation

  Please note that there are two different and confusing ways to reference a channel; either using the Raspberry Pi or the BCM/SoC naming schema.

  setMode(mode) - Sets the channel addressing schema.
  Mode: Specify either Raspberry Pi or SoC/BCM pin schemas, by passing MODE_RPI or MODE_BCM. Defaults to MODE_RPI.

  Internal pull-ups and pull-downs

  At "setup" time, indicate you need them :

  GPIO.setup(port_or_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN) # we’re using pull-down GPIO.setup(port_or_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP) # we’re using pull-up
  Pull up / down dels pins del GPIO

  Compte ! See document, page 102 and 103.

  Pull ...

  • high : GPIO 0-8, 34-36, 46-53
  • low : GPIO 9-27, 30-33, 38-43
  Display GPIO version

  Easy :

  sag@odin:~/gpio_python $ sudo python Python 2.7.9 (default, Sep 26 2018, 05:58:52) [GCC 4.9.2] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import RPi.GPIO as GPIO >>> GPIO.VERSION '0.6.3' >>>

  Or code this :

  #!/usr/bin/env python import RPi.GPIO as GPIO print "Versio GPIO =", GPIO.VERSION # mostrar la versio de GPIO
  How to connect GPIO to a breadboard / protoboard

  Per conectar el GPIO del raspberry a una Adle/Board nº 8 cal un cable pla amb un conector per breadboard

  Aliexpress "RPi GPIO Breakout Expansion Board + 40pin Flat Ribbon Cable For Raspberry Pi 3 2 Model B & B+" : 2,64 $

  • 1pcs GPIO 40P Breakout Board For Raspberry Pi 2 Mode B & B+
  • 1pcs 20cm FC40 40pin Flat Rainbow Ribbon Cable
  PWM

  Sure we know what PWM is

  We will be using the RPi.GPIO library which provides software PWM utility. Here are the main functions:

  p = GPIO.PWM(channel, frequency) # create a PWM instance p.start(dc) # start PWM - dc is the duty cycle (0.0 <= dc <= 100.0) p.ChangeFrequency(freq) # change the frequency - freq is the new frequency in Hz p.ChangeDutyCycle(dc) # change the duty cycle -0.0 <= dc <= 100.0 p.stop() # stop PWM
  PWM links
  • manage a servo + servo
  • manage a LED (best code)
  • hardware timers
  I2C interface

  Hem de conectar 4 pins :

  • (pin 39) GND
  • (pin 2) Vcc 5 volts {+ 0,1 uF decoupling capacitor to GND}
  • (pin 3) SDA {+ pull up resistor}
  • (pin 5) SCL {+ pull up resistor}

  Enable I2C :

  $ sudo raspi-config 5 interfacing options P5 I2C enable select "enable" $ sudo reboot sag@odin:~ $ ls /dev/*i2c* /dev/i2c-1

  Install i2c-tools :

  apt-get update ; fer sovint apt-get install i2c-tools sudo apt-get install python-smbus - smbus module

  Display available interfaces :

  sag@odin:~ $ i2cdetect -l i2c-1 unknown bcm2835 I2C adapter N/A

  Display devices on that bus : $ i2cdetect -y 1 {i2cdetect -r 1}

  sag@odin:~ $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  read temperature : i2cget -y 0 0x48 0 b

  The I2C connection needs 2 pull-up resistors to hold the bus high (R1, R2), 2K-10K should work.

  C1 is a 0.1uF decoupling capacitor, entre positiu i GND

  Raspberry Pi I2C Python-Writing

  rspi and i2c and python

  Good article :

  • intro to I2C
  • enabling I2C
  • I2C tools
  • programming I2C with python
  TC74 and us
  

  TC74 homepage and datasheet

  The TC74 is a serially accessible, digital temperature sensor particularly suited for low cost and small form-factor applications.
  Temperature data is converted from the onboard thermal sensing element and made available as an 8-bit digital word.
  Temperature resolution is 1°C. Conversion rate is a nominal 8 samples/sec. During normal operation, the quiescent current is 200 μA.

  Eight SMBus/I2C addresses are programmable for the TC74, which allows for a multi-sensor configuration.

  TC74A0-3.3VCT 1001 000 V0 TC74A1-3.3VCT 1001 001 V1 TC74A2-3.3VCT 1001 010 V2 TC74A3-3.3VCT 1001 011 V3 TC74A4-3.3VCT 1001 100 V4 TC74A5-3.3VCT 1001 101* V5 TC74A6-3.3VCT 1001 110 V6 TC74A7-3.3VCT 1001 111 V7

  The TC74 is internally programmed to have a default SMBus/I2C address value of 1001 101b.
  Això és hexadecimal pero li falta un bit ...

  The TC74’s write address is 0x9A, and the read address 0x9B.
  It has two, one-byte registers. Register address 0 holds the temperature reading, register 1 holds the configuration settings.

  Some good explanation [***]

  Some python code (using Adafruit_I2C) and some c code - i2c_temp.c

  Display the temperature using Apache

  Buzzwords : "i2cdetect", "i2cget" - see i2c bus

  TC74 at R3

  We want to serve a page with actual temperature, so we use R3.

  We start with

  sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ i2cdetect -l i2c-1 unknown bcm2835 I2C adapter N/A

  Then we go (TC74 connected with 2 pull-ups) :

  sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4a -- -- -- -- -- 50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  Now that we know the TC74 i2c address, we can code :

  sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ cat tc74_read.py #!/usr/bin/env python3 # this code reads a TC74 at i2c address 0x4A # https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/tmp102-digital-temperature-sensor-hookup-guide # https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/python-programming-tutorial-getting-started-with-the-raspberry-pi/experiment-4-i2c-temperature-sensor import time import smbus # i2c channel. used in init i2c_ch = 1 # TC74A2 address on the I2C bus is 0x4A i2c_tc74 = 0x4A # Register addresses reg_temp = 0x00 reg_config = 0x01 # Calculate the 2's complement of a number def twos_comp(val, bits): if (val & (1 << (bits - 1))) != 0: val = val - (1 <<; bits) return val # Read temperature registers and calculate Celsius def read_temp( i2c_addr ): # Read temperature registers val = bus.read_i2c_block_data( i2c_addr, reg_temp, 2) # NOTE: val[0] = MSB byte 1, val [1] = LSB byte 2 # print ("!shifted val[0] = ", bin(val[0]), "val[1] = ", bin(val[1])) temp_c = (val[0] << 4) | (val[1] >> 4) # print (" shifted val[0] = ", bin(val[0] << 4), "val[1] = ", bin(val[1] >> 4)) # print (bin(temp_c)) # Convert to 2s complement (temperatures can be negative) temp_c = twos_comp(temp_c, 12) # Convert registers value to temperature (C) temp_c = temp_c * 0.0625 return temp_c # Initialize I2C (SMBus) bus = smbus.SMBus(i2c_ch) # Print out temperature every second while True: temperatura = read_temp( i2c_tc74 ) print( ">>> ", round(temperatura, 2), "C" ) time.sleep(1)

  If we get "ImportError: No module named 'smbus'" we do ...

  sudo apt-get update ; fer sovint sudo apt-get install i2c-tools sudo apt-get install python-smbus sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ sudo pip3 install smbus Downloading/unpacking smbus Downloading smbus-1.1.post2-cp34-cp34m-linux_armv7l.whl (41kB): 41kB downloaded Installing collected packages: smbus Successfully installed smbus Cleaning up... sudo adduser sebas gpio sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ sudo adduser sag i2c Adding user `sag' to group `i2c' ... Adding user sag to group i2c Done.

  And here is the result :

  sag@odin:~/python/i2c $ ./tc74_read.py >>> 28.94 C >>> 29.94 C >>> 29.94 C >>> 28.94 C

  Now we want to display the local temperature on a client browser, using nodejs - see TC74 details

  
  SPI interface

  The SPI bus (or Serial Peripheral Interface bus) is a synchronous serial data link originally created by motorola. For more information about SPI please refer to this wikipedia

  The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a communication protocol used to transfer data between micro-computers like the Raspberry Pi and peripheral devices.

  SPI uses 4 separate connections to communicate with the target device.
  These connections are the serial clock (CLK), Master Input Slave Output (MISO), Master Output Slave Input (MOSI) and Chip Select (CS).

  The default Linux driver is spi_bcm2708

  Raspberry documentation

  La Raspberry Pi cuenta con tres interfaces maestro SPI (SPI0, SPI1 y SPI2) aunque solo una de ellas (SPI0) es visible para los modelos originales y dos de ellas (SPI0 y SPI1) para los modelos con conector J8 de 40 pines. Cada una de estas interfaces cuenta con dos líneas de selección de destino (CE0 y CE1). De ellas SPI0 es más evolucionada, puesto que permite DMA (acceso directo a memoria). SPI0 está diseñada para transferencias de alta velocidad (reloj de hasta 125Mhz) sin producir una carga significativa para el procesador. Sin embargo SPI1 no tiene posibilidad de usar DMA y solo dispone de una pequeña FIFO de cuatro palabras de 32 bits

  git books

  The Raspberry Pi is equipped with one SPI bus that has 2 chip selects.
  The SPI master driver is disabled by default on Raspberry Pi OS.
  To enable it, use raspi-config, or ensure the line "dtparam=spi=on" isn't commented out in /boot/config.txt, and reboot.
  If the SPI driver was loaded, you should see the device /dev/spidev0.0

  The SPI bus is available on the P1 Header:

  SPI-0 SPI-1 ------ ------ MOSI P1-19 MISO P1-35 MISO P1-21 P1-38 MOSI SCLK P1-23 P1-24 CE0 P1-40 SCLK GND P1-25 P1-26 CE1 CE1 P1-11 P1-12 CE0 P1-36 CE2
  

  See nice pinout

  Enable SPI interface :

  $ sudo raspi-config 5 Interfacing options P4 SPI select "enable" $ sudo reboot sag@odin:~ $ ls /dev/*spi* /dev/spidev0.0 /dev/spidev0.1 sebas@pi0alby:~/python $ ls /dev/*sp* 0 crw-rw---- 1 root spi 153, 0 Jun 25 17:09 /dev/spidev0.0 0 crw-rw---- 1 root spi 153, 1 Jun 25 17:09 /dev/spidev0.1

  All the devices /dev/spidev0.{x} will share the same clock and I/O lines so the only difference is the chip select - from pdf

  Put a wire between MOSI and MISO, pins 19 and 21

  $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raspberrypi/linux/rpi-3.10.y/Documentation/spi/spidev_test.c $ gcc -o spidev_test spidev_test.c sag@odin:~/spi_test $ sudo ./spidev_test -D /dev/spidev0.0 spi mode: 0 bits per word: 8 max speed: 500000 Hz (500 KHz) FF FF FF FF FF FF 40 00 00 00 00 95 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DE AD BE EF BA AD F0 0D

  Igual que aquest senyor, SPI basics amb un bon esquema.

  SPI1 enable

  Add this to /boot/config.txt and reboot

  dtoverlay=spi1-3cs

  It should enable auxiliary SPI with SPI1 CE2 (GPIO16) for channel select

  The pins were like this:

  SDA/CE2: 36 MISO: 35 MOSI: 38 SCKL: 40 RESET: 13

  use SPI0 and SPI1 , /boot/overlays/README, pinout tech detail

  

  Com tenir 5 esclaus i loopback en python i esquemes de temps, etc {*****}

  Shell test
  # Write binary 1, 2 and 3 echo -ne "\x01\x02\x03" > /dev/spidev0.0

  SPI driver speed test , from url

  Loopback test

  This can be used to test SPI send and receive. It uses the Linux spidev driver to access the bus.
  Put a wire between MOSI and MISO.

  $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raspberrypi/linux/rpi-3.10.y/Documentation/spi/spidev_test.c gcc -o spidev_test spidev_test.c ./spidev_test -D /dev/spidev0.0
  pigs program, pigpio library
  $ sudo pigpiod pigs spio 0 50000 0 pigs spix 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

  From abyz.me.uk

  SPI from python

  Install Python spidev module

  Python params

  bits_per_word cshigh loop - Set the "SPI_LOOP" flag to enable loopback mode no_cs - Set the "SPI_NO_CS" flag to disable use of the chip select (although the driver may still own the CS pin) lsbfirst max_speed_hz ( > 0 !!! ) mode - SPI mode as two bit pattern of clock polarity and phase [CPOL|CPHA], min: 0b00 = 0, max: 0b11 = 3 threewire - SI/SO signals shared

  Compte que el C te menys params ! url

  Compte amb els methodes : xref vs xfre2 (CS)

  Usage

  import spidev spi = spidev.SpiDev() spi.open(bus, device) to_send = [0x01, 0x02, 0x03] spi.xfer(to_send) spi.close()

  Python spidev.SpiDev() examples

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From scratch we have :

Maybe we have to install :

Manual install on "Raspberry Pi 3" :

Last version is 6.2.2

With clean-up :

Understand npm folders

TTY is shorthand for Teletypewriter.

Using Putty to access Raspbian, we can use Copy and Paste as follows :

• copy : just "mark" the text dragging the cursor
• paste : use "SHIFT" + "Insert"

Display :

Aixo corre un systemd

Linus Torvalds, Chief architect of Linux kernel, feels attitude of key developer of systemd towards users and bug reports do not seems ok.
It was also reported that systemd philosophy is weird and a foreign way to control system processes.
The same has been recorded from Patric Volkerding and other notable Linux Users and Developers as well as over online forum, time-to-time.

Fes servir "systemctl poweroff", "reboot", etc. Jo sempre faig un "sync" abans, si puc.

20210125 :

If we want to start a command, an APP or whatever at startup time, place it in /etc/rc.local, but indirectly, starting an own shell in background :

Volem fer neteja i enviar la nostra IP cada dia a les 4 de la matinada.

1. "sudo su -" {no cal si posem "sudo" a cada comanda}
2. edit crontab : sudo crontab -e
3. indicate job to run and the time schedule
   # m h dom mon dow command 0 4 * * * /home/pi/eines/cron_feina_send_email.sh *** removed 20200802 *** */15 * * * * /home/pi/eines/cron_feina_15_min.sh
4. output and errors are sent using mail to this user
5. view scheduled tasks : sudo crontab -l
6. restart service to read new configuration by sudo /etc/init.d/cron restart

Raspbian uses systemd structure.
What script is lauched at what event ?

• /etc/rc.local : this script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel
  Dont use it - oldie. Copy /etc/init.d/Skeleton to a new init script and use insserv

• /etc/network/if-up.d/ : every script (without .sh extension) in this directory is executed when link comes up

• .bashrc : your program will run on boot and also every time when a new terminal is opened, or when a new SSH connection is made

• /etc/init.d : read files in /usr/share/doc/sysv-rc directory

We have one at Pi0 startup

How to Install the Dynamic Update Client on Linux - the below commands should be executed from a terminal window after logging in as the “root” user. You can become the root user from the command line by entering “sudo su -” followed by the root password on your machine.

To configure the Client, as root again (or with sudo) issue the below command:

You will then be prompted for your username and password for No-IP, as well as which hostnames you wish to update.

Now that the client is installed and configured, you just need to launch it. Simply issue this final command to launch the client in the background:

Read the README file in the no-ip-2.1.9 folder for instructions on how to make the client run at startup.

To verify it works, do "host raspall.hopto.org"
The IP has to be the same as of "curl -s icanhazip.com"

To verify it is running, do "ps -ef | grep noip2" {kill it if it is to be restarted}

To display a trace of its work, do "cat /var/log/syslog | grep noip2"

To force noip2 to update, do "sudo /usr/local/bin/noip2 -c /usr/local/etc/no-ip2.conf" (after killing it, if neccessary)

noip2 + llovetbrossa : raspall.hopto.org

noip2 + campdefabes : myraspiodin.hopto.org

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• NOOBS v 1.9.2 - url 3.0 {20190211}

• hostname := "odin" ;

• sistema operatiu
  pi@odin:~ $ cat /etc/issue Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 \n \l

• u = "pi", p = "<ya_3>.2016" {8 chars} ; u2 = "sag", p2 = "<ya_3>2016" {7 chars} ;
  pi@odin:/ $ sudo passwd root ; set password for "root" user - not neccessary - use "sudo" Enter new UNIX password:

• xarxa wifi :
  pi@odin:/ $ /sbin/iwgetid wlan0 ESSID:"enxaneta"

• eth0 IP = 192.168.1.13, wlan0 IP = 192.168.1.123

  Edit /etc/dhcpcd.conf to include

  pi@odin:~ $ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.1.13/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 interface wlan0 static ip_address=192.168.1.123/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

  TCPIP cfg R3, R4, PiZero.

• ports : veure obrir, veure ports oberts

• sudo apt-get update ; sovint

• sudo apt-get install python-dev

• sudo apt-get install python-rpi.gpio {diu que no cal}

• sudo su -

• apt-get remove nodered -y

• apt-get remove nodejs nodejs-legacy -y

• apt-get remove npm -y

• curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_5.x | sudo bash - {avis deprecated} See LTS, distros

• apt-get install nodejs -y

• scp pi@79.156.26.75:9008:/home/pi/.bash_aliases .

• scp pi@79.156.26.75:9008:/etc/motd .

• clone project :
  pi@odin:~$ git clone https://github.com/sebastianet/semafor.git Cloning into 'semafor'... remote: Counting objects: 175, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (27/27), done. remote: Total 175 (delta 10), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 145 Receiving objects: 100% (175/175), 664.31 KiB | 556.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (77/77), done. Checking connectivity... done.

• npm install - uses package.json i omple "/home/pi/semafor/node_modules/"

• "id" command says "+++ app SEM SAG. Versio [v1.1.h]. HN [odin]. usr [undefined]. GYR [18/15/16]. TimeStamp [21:42:49]."

• cant run "9_webcam.py" - "sudo python -m pip install --upgrade numpy"

• sudo apt-get install libhighgui2.4 libopencv-imgproc2.4 libopencv-core2.4 python-opencv

• sudo apt-get install python-opencv

• sudo apt-get install python-numpy

• (webcam:10881): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display: {fixed by "export DISPLAY=:0"}

• sudo apt-get install mailutils {in fact, "mail" is here}

• sudo apt-get install ssmtp

• scp pi@79.156.26.75:9008:/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf .

• do ssh without pwd
  sag@odin:~ $ sudo apt-get install sshpass

Millor (20200802) enviar la IP cada hora, amb un

Els scripts amb sortida a fitxer tenen la ruta explicita i la redireccio de errors cap a la sortida (no mail)

Tenia una microSD class 10 de 16 GB amb NOOBS ; tinc una microSD class 10 de 64 GB buida

1. extreu img de la sd vella a disc laptop (HD Raw Copy Tool)
2. graba imatge a sd nova
3. bota el rspi i fes un resize amb raspi-config, github

AskUbuntu

Your partition layout is not currently supported by this tool. You are probably using NOOBS, in which case your root filesystem is already expanded anyway.

Use gparted on T60

20200723 : Ho pots fer per LAN si no tens dos adaptadors al mateix PC

Conclusio : no podem fer servir eixes SD

Mentre som fora, se'n va la llum (25 i 27 Oct 2024) i R3 apareix amb "rainbow boot screen" {gracies, Albert}

See R4 new SD 2022 ...

Provar de posar

• boot_delay=1 to the config.txt file
• connect serial console - freebsd forum

0 : comprem una SD de 64 GB, la posem al adaptador i el conectem a minie :

1er : mirem el contingut

2on : mirem quin RPI hi ha al Minie :

3er : engeguem rpi-imager buscant "rpi" al Menu

Es veu :

<move SD to R3> :

La imatge surt desplaçada cap dalt, pero podem obrir un Terminal per veure la IP {192.168.1.141} i aixi poder conectar-hi en remot.

La versio de Raspbian que tenim es :

Les versions de Debian son :

D'entrada, baixem "odinpic_odin.tar" des "sveta@aol.com"

Try to fix LC_ALL :

Ara no tinc errors (he marcat "en_GB.UTF-8" i tambe "es_ES.UTF-8")

Afegim al final del fitxer de configuracio del mutt :

Verifiquem que funciona :

Fem servir nmcli at StackExchange : nmtui

Display our names :

Set static IP :

forums raspberry

Amb la eina grafica :

Tenim aquestes feines programades :

Create some dirs and files :

Per veure els errors del cron ens cal la comanda "mail" :

At R3 restart we do :

• afegir una linia a "/logs/engegades.log"
• posar una marca temporal a "/logs/last_boot_time.log"
• enviar un missatge al bot de TG

Fem servir /usr/local/bin/odin_restart des /etc/rc.local

Se'n va la llum i R3 no engega.

"disks" de minie diu "filesystem needs repairing"

Crec que no es pot arreglar.

• fer foto des la webcam amb "python /home/pi/semafor/4_foto_verbose.py"
• veure la imatge continua de la webcam amb "python /home/pi/semafor/9_webcam.py" - compte : la sortida es per HDMI, excepte si amb "DISPLAY" la enviem al Xming del W500
• enviar email (verify "telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com smtp" works first) amb /home/pi/sendemail/snd_1.sh
• enviar missatge amb whatsapp - no tf number

The Raspberry Pi has two audio output modes: HDMI and headphone jack. You can switch between these modes at any time.

The HDMI audio is digital and multiplexed in with digital video.
The analogue audio output on the RPI's 3.5 mm TRRS jack is line level and will not drive speakers directly. Power amplification is necessary.

What about USB speakers ?

Esquemes

To not to use "sudo" all the time, lets do :

Lets start with :

Audio Config, also here

Somehow related to values in /boot/config.txt file :

Les meves proves al "odin" :

I ask the experts ... but ...

Tried :

It removes the "X11 proxy" error, but "xcb" persists

Things can get worse :

Anem resolvent-ho :

Es a dir, per a que vagi be hem fet "sudo su -", ens hem posat com "root"

Per a veure el volum des la command line, fem

Aqui es veu el nivell del volum i es pot modificar amb "arrow up/down"

description, install : "apt-get install mpg321"

sox homepage, intro

We do :

Get soundplayer.py, "unzip python-sound.zip" and run

Nothing comes up !

In /var/log/syslog I fond lots of :

I edit dhcp client configuration :

And finally :

url

As Pi0 is "buster", v10, and I need python 3.5 in "odin" for smbus2, I decide a big upgrade.

jessie 2 stretch again

Check for any system inconsistencies - check for partially installed, missing and obsolete packages: dpkg -C

• $ sudo dpkg --audit
• $ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep hold
• $ sudo apt-get update ; sovint
• $ sudo apt-get upgrade ; delicat
• $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
• # apt-get --simulate upgrade ;
• $ sudo sed -i /deb/s/jessie/stretch/g /etc/apt/sources.list
• $ sudo sed -i /deb/s/jessie/stretch/g /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
• $ grep -lnr jessie /etc/apt ; expect no output
• $ sudo apt-get remove apt-listchanges
• $ sudo apt-get upgrade - 1h
• $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade - apt-listchanges: Mailing root: apt-listchanges: news for odin
• $ sudo apt-get autoremove
• $ sudo apt-get autoclean
• reboot
• verify : hostnamectl

First try result :

We try

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Amb el Raspberry hem fer projectes macos :

• LED on/off from remote browser
• take a picture using web camera and detect contour
• take one pic every 5 seconds and place it into a web page
• mesura de soroll a Roda

Amb el Raspberry volem fer altres projectes :

• Alexa home assistant
• AWS "device"
• Magic Mirror : okupatic

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Descripció de un LED aillat amb un transistor.

Codi exemple - 1 LED manegat per python : GPIO-026

Tinc 3 LEDS manegats per un transistor SC107, Rc 1k5, Rb 100k (Ic 2 mA) :

• un de verd al pin 18, BCM24, cable blanc
• un de groc al pin 15, BCM22, cable gris
• un de vermell al pin 16, BCM23, cable negre

Cap diferencia amb l'anterior : Ic = 4,8 v / 0,3k = 16 mA

Per manegar tots els pins del GPIO des una web, fem servir aquest projecte de git

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Tenim 3 bombetes de 60 W de AC. Les volem manegar amb un Raspberry PI 3 model B.

Cal un SSR, as Crydom D2W203F (14 usd) or Crydom CX240D5 (11 € at Diotronic, 20160615 ; 21 € at Amazon, 20181102) ; PDF

O be un Relay for Raspberry Pi or Arduino 1-Channel 5V Relay Module 250V/10A - 8 USD !

El projecte final es troba al git

El pin del Raspberry manegarà la base de un transistor, al colector del qual hi haurà un SSR. No hi ha resistencia sèrie.
Com que la impedància del SSR és de 0,3k, hi baixaràn (5v - 0,2v) / 0,3k = 4,8/0,3 = 16 mA
Nominal Input Impedance = 300 Ohm, see here
Typical Input Current = 15 mA
Tensio en bornes de control : 15 mA * 0,3 K = 4,5 v

Cables que surten del GPIO del Raspberry cap a la breadboard/protoboard :

• pin 2 : +5v
• pin 9 : ground
• pin 15 : yellow
• pin 16 : red
• pin 18 : green

Switch a light on/off using your smartphone, using node.js ! {help.privateeyepi@gmail.com}

1. sudo apt-get update {sempre}

2. sudo apt-get upgrade {delicat, no fer}

3. sudo apt-get install npm
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~ $ npm -v 1.4.21

4. npm install connect
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ npm install connect connect@3.4.1 node_modules/connect âââ utils-merge@1.0.0 âââ parseurl@1.3.1 âââ debug@2.2.0 (ms@0.7.1) âââ finalhandler@0.4.1 (escape-html@1.0.3, unpipe@1.0.0, on-finished@2.3.0)

5. npm install serve-static
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ npm install serve-static serve-static@1.11.1 node_modules/serve-static âââ escape-html@1.0.3 âââ parseurl@1.3.1 âââ encodeurl@1.0.1 âââ send@0.14.1 (destroy@1.0.4, fresh@0.3.0, ms@0.7.1, range-parser@1.2.0, etag@1.7.0, statuses@1.3.0, debug@2.2.0, depd@1.1.0, mime@1.3.4, on-finished@2.3.0, http-errors@1.5.0) pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $

6. npm install serialport - Error, but project does exist
   \ > serialport@3.1.2 install /home/pi/semafor/node_modules/serialport > node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build node-pre-gyp ERR! Tried to download: https://github.com/voodootikigod/node-serialport/releases/download/3.1.2/serialport-v3.1.2-node-v11-linux-arm.tar.gz node-pre-gyp ERR! Pre-built binaries not found for serialport@3.1.2 and node@0.10.29 (node-v11 ABI) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp) make: Entering directory '/home/pi/semafor/node_modules/serialport/build' CXX(target) Release/obj.target/serialport/src/serialport.o In file included from ../src/./serialport.h:7:0, from ../src/serialport.cpp:1: ../node_modules/nan/nan.h:324:47: error: âREPLACE_INVALID_UTF8â is not a member of âv8::Stringâ static const unsigned kReplaceInvalidUtf8 = v8::String::REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8;

   Fixed when updating "node" to version "5.11.1"

7. npm install rpi-gpio - read rpi-gpio
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ npm install rpi-gpio normalizeTree â normalizeTree â fetchName â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ normalizeTree â 200 â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ loadRequestedDeps â fetch â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ loadRequestedDeps â fetch â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ loadRequestedDeps â cache â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ fetchMetadata â 200 â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ fetchMetadata â network â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ fetchMetadata â afterAdd â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ extract:rpi-gpio â gunzTa â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ extract:debug â gentlyRm â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ preinstall:rpi-gpio â lif â â¢âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ > epoll@0.1.19 install /home/pi/semafor/node_modules/epoll > node-gyp rebuild make: Entering directory '/home/pi/semafor/node_modules/epoll/build' CXX(target) Release/obj.target/epoll/src/epoll.o SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/obj.target/epoll.node COPY Release/epoll.node make: Leaving directory '/home/pi/semafor/node_modules/epoll/build' /home/pi/semafor ââ⬠rpi-gpio@0.7.0 âââ async@1.5.2 ââ⬠debug@2.2.0 â âââ ms@0.7.1 ââ⬠epoll@0.1.19 âââ bindings@1.2.1 âââ nan@2.3.5 npm WARN enoent ENOENT: no such file or directory, open '/home/pi/semafor/package.json' npm WARN semafor No description npm WARN semafor No repository field. npm WARN semafor No README data npm WARN semafor No license field. pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $

8. fem package.json :
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ npm init This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file. It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults. See "npm help json" for definitive documentation on these fields and exactly what they do. Use "npm install <pkg> --save" afterwards to install a package and save it as a dependency in the package.json file. Press ^C at any time to quit. name: (semafor) version: (1.0.0) description: entry point: (1-sem.js) test command: git repository: keywords: author: license: (ISC) About to write to /home/pi/semafor/package.json: { "name": "semafor", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "1-sem.js", "dependencies": { "connect": "^3.4.1", "express": "^4.14.0", "rpi-gpio": "^0.7.0", "serve-static": "^1.11.1" }, "devDependencies": {}, "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" }, "author": "", "license": "ISC" } Is this ok? (yes) yes pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $

   Millorem les dependencies:

   • npm install connect --save
   • npm install serve-static --save
   • npm install serialport --save
   • npm install rpi-gpio --save
   • npm install morgan --save
   • npm install python-shell --save {call python to take a picture}
   • npm install socket.io --save {notification server}
   • npm install xml2json --save {notification server}

   Now the package with the dependencies is :

   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ cat package.json { "name": "semafor", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "1-sem.js", "dependencies": { "connect": "^3.4.1", "express": "^4.14.0", "rpi-gpio": "^0.7.0", "serialport": "^3.1.2", "serve-static": "^1.11.1" }, "devDependencies": {}, "scripts": { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" }, "author": "", "license": "ISC" }

9. get webgpio.zip, web project
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ sudo wget www.privateeyepi.com/downloads/webgpio.zip --2016-06-21 12:37:05-- http://www.privateeyepi.com/downloads/webgpio.zip Resolving www.privateeyepi.com (www.privateeyepi.com)... 104.197.26.196 Connecting to www.privateeyepi.com (www.privateeyepi.com)|104.197.26.196|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 24530 (24K) [application/zip] Saving to: {webgpio.zip} webgpio.zip 100%[========================================================>] 23.96K 137KB/s in 0.2s 2016-06-21 12:37:05 (137 KB/s) - {webgpio.zip} saved [24530/24530]

10. sudo unzip webgpio.zip
    pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ sudo unzip webgpio.zip Archive: webgpio.zip inflating: onoff.ims inflating: css/index-maina.css inflating: geometry/buttonframe1geo1shd1pg1p12.png inflating: geometry/buttonframe2geo11shd3pg1p12.png inflating: geometry/obj10title27pg1p12.png inflating: geometry/obj6title11pg1p12.png inflating: geometry/obj8title13pg1p12.png inflating: webgpio.service inflating: webgpio.js inflating: webserial.js inflating: index.html pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $

11. start application : node webgpio.js
    pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ node webgpio.js Server running at http://192.168.1.123/

12. from Android (client), browse http://youripaddress:8000/

On s'escull (software) que els pins 15, 16 i 18 seran de sortida ?

We use this package

And we code

Create an empty git :

Despres fem

• crear ".gitignore" i hi posem "oldies", directori amb fitxers vells
• git add . {afegit tots els fitxers al projecte}
• git config --global --add user.name sebas
• git config --global --add user.email sebas@gmail.com
• git commit -am "v1.0.b contingut inicial, funciona" {commit}
  pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ git commit -am "v1.0.b contingut inicial, funciona" [master (root-commit) 8e3cd3a] v1.0.b contingut inicial, funciona 15 files changed, 558 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 1-sem.js create mode 100644 2-proves.py create mode 100644 2-webcam.py create mode 100644 package.json create mode 100644 public/css/sem.css create mode 100644 public/favicon.ico create mode 100644 public/images/1-webcam.png create mode 100644 public/images/2-webcam.jpg create mode 100644 public/images/3-webcam.gif create mode 100644 public/images/blanc.jpg create mode 100644 public/index.html create mode 100644 public/initial.htm create mode 100644 readme.md create mode 100755 ru0.sh pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $
• entrar a github.com i crear repositori semafor
• git remote add origin https://github.com/sebastianet/semafor.git
  pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ git remote -v origin https://github.com/sebastianet/semafor.git (fetch) origin https://github.com/sebastianet/semafor.git (push)
• git push -u origin master {usr/pwd}
  pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $ git push -u origin master Username for 'https://github.com': sebastianet Password for 'https://sebastianet@github.com': Counting objects: 20, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (17/17), done. Writing objects: 100% (20/20), 123.39 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 20 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To https://github.com/sebastianet/semafor.git * [new branch] master -> master Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin. pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/semafor $
• we got all ok in github
• from now on, all we do is
  1. git commit -am "comentari"
  2. git push -u origin master {usr/pwd}

Para cualquier orden que no sea sólo modificar el estado actual sino activar una determinada secuencia, necesitarás utilizar setTimeout y APIs similares: API timers

Básicamente para el bucle verde-amarillo-rojo, has de hacer:

Puedes llevar la cuenta de cuántas veces se ha ejecutado cambiarLuces() y cancelar el setInterval, etc.

Podem cridar a python des node.js ?

El python faria "openCV()" + "cv2.save('/tmp/foto.png', frame)"

Compte : com que node corre com "root" per poder accedir al GPIO, el fitxer PNG es crea amb owner "root:root".
Per canviar-ho :

Si vols ser una mica mes descarat, fas aixi :-)

1. sudo apt-get update ; sovint
2. sudo apt-get install libhighgui2.4 libopencv-imgproc2.4 libopencv-core2.4 python-opencv
3. sudo apt-get install python-opencv
4. sudo apt-get install python-numpy

Provem si funciona (des un putty fer export DISPLAY=:0 abans) :

Hi ha una perdua de frames. Esta explicat aqui. Prova de fer:

A mes, per no tenir problemes amb el teclat USB, posem

Si hi ha el teclat USB, la foto te problemes de sincronisme tot i els 2 "hacks".

Reboot : "sudo reboot" o "sudo shutdown -r now"

From here :

Al Raspall ho tenim implementat aqui : /home/pi/semafor/4_foto_verbose.py !

Quan fem que node i python facin una foto i la guardin al filesystem, el servidor retorna 304, i el client deix de mostrar la foto nova.

Provem

secret express js settings

Clear Cache : press CTRL+SHIFT+DELETE in any browser.

Use Fiddler to monitor/catch the traffic between browser and server.

Add "/*" handler - don’t forget to call next()
Ponerlo antes que el código que maneja las peticiones más específicas, para que se active antes. En caso contrario, si este handler se activa cuando ya se ha enviado la respuesta, ya es tarde para modificar las cabeceras.

vlasenko

fs unlink

You can define things to run on boot in /etc/rc.local. In that shell script, you don't have the same path as when you log in, so just running node app.js won't do the trick. What does work, is running one command as the default "pi" user. Because that user does have node in his path, the command is known.

I suggest using an absolute path to your Node.js-file just to make sure.

url

Keep in mind : files in this directory must not have .sh extension

Destinations are :

• raspall : llovetbasura@gmail.com, bisc2k9@gmail.com
• odin : bisc2k9@gmail.com, llovetbasura@gmail.com
• henry : bisc2k9@gmail.com, henrybrossa@gmail.com

[]

We have user "sebas" similar to "pi" :

Sempre hem de fer, en aquest ordre :

1. apagar el Raspall
2. conectar el teclat USB-A al Raspall
3. conectar el ratolí USB-A al Raspall
4. conectar la pantalla HDMI al Raspall
5. engegar el Raspall
6. en 1 minut, ha de sortir un quadre de vora un pam quadrat amb tots els colors
7. quan tinguem un escriptori (pot trigar 3 o 4 minuts), a dalt a la dreta hi ha un simbol de wifi, on hem de posar el SSID i la clau de pas del nou router

Llavors, podem fer els pasos estandard :

O podem editar wpa_supplicant.conf ...

o be fer anar el meu shell using nmcli :

Aixo no se si guarda els valors per despres del proper re-inici

Dades :

• Vodafone Station -> UG (42 pages)
• model : Sagemcom 253678071
• MAC : 5c.fa.25.96.6e.2b
• URL : http://192,168.0.1 ; user : vodafone ; pwd router : JZNYWM3A
• xarxa 2,4 GHz : vodafone6E2B ; xarxa 5 GHz : vodafone6E2B-5G -> VodafoneAC9B + VodafoneAC9B-5G
• clau de pas wifi : FGZMDJNWKZMWQG -> 8F9399ULJ93W98 (as oldie)

Objectiu : separar les dues xarxes i posar una clau de pas senzilla.

Dades :

• fabricant : Mitsubishi
• model : MSZ-BT35VGK
• serial number : 0010123 T

Wi-Fi interface :

• MAC : b8.b7.f1.ca.1d.17
• id : 2024.11.30.009
• SSID : ME-N200014992
• key : r58kgcff8

Objectiu : conectar la maquina a Internet per poder-la fer anar remotament.

Diu : incorpora conexión WiFi a través de MELCloud

Tambe : WiFi incluido de serie y compatible con Alexa Set up a connection between the Wi-Fi interface and the Router. • Refer to the SETUP MANUAL and SETUP QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE provided with the unit. • For SETUP MANUAL, please go to the website http://www.melcloud.com/Support -> WiFi interface • For MELCloud User Manual, please go to the website http://www.melcloud.com/Support -> MELCloud -> PDF

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*** Test it here ***

We want to control the Raspberry pins from a remote smartphone using a browser

Shall start from this article and this project, with dotenv supported :

1. posem "sag" a sudoers
   pi@odin:~ $ sudo usermod -aG sudo sag

2. posem el sistema al dia - fer-ho sovint
   sag@odin:~ $ sudo apt-get update

3. instalem el package
   sag@odin:~ $ git clone https://github.com/tutRPi/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI Cloning into 'Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI'... remote: Enumerating objects: 85, done. remote: Total 85 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 85 Unpacking objects: 100% (85/85), done. Checking connectivity... done. sag@odin:~ $

4. instalem els requisits :
   sag@odin:~ $ cd Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI/ sag@odin:~/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI $ npm install

5. engeguem la aplicacio :
   sag@odin:~/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI $ sudo npm start

   Obtenim un error extrany - issue

   Solution from here : modify "main.js" to contain "'use strict;'" at the very beginning

   sag@odin:~/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI $ vi /home/sag/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI/node_modules/dotenv/lib/main.js 'use strict';

   Some issues

6. verifiquem a quin port es troba :
   sag@odin:~ $ sudo netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN [sudo] password for sag: tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 557/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 19965/node

7. hi accedim :
   sag@odin:/tmp $ wget localhost:80 --2019-02-14 15:14:53-- http://localhost/ Resolving localhost (localhost)... ::1, 127.0.0.1 Connecting to localhost (localhost)|::1|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 12778 (12K) [text/html] Saving to: {index.html.1} index.html.1 100%[============================================>] 12.48K --.-KB/s in 0s 2019-02-14 15:14:54 (67.9 MB/s) - âindex.html.1â saved [12778/12778]

8. configurem al fitxer ".env"
   sag@odin:~/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI $ cat .env PORT=1212

   que es llegeix aixi

   require('dotenv').config() ; // sudo apt-get install dotenv var port = ( process.env.PORT || '1213' ) ; // sudo npm install --save dotenv-extended

9. obrim el router per arribar a 192.168.1.123:1212 des el port exterior 9009

   Aixi, un acces a http://80.31.158.144:9009/ treu :

   $ engega.sh Today external IP {80.31.158.144}. > Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI@1.0.0 start /home/sag/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI > node ./bin/www "?" GET / 200 2894.581 ms - 12778 GET /stylesheets/style.css 200 5.908 ms - 1095 GET /stylesheets/bootstrap-toggle.min.css 200 3.115 ms - 1590 GET /javascripts/bootstrap-toggle.min.js 200 6.655 ms - 4129 GET /stylesheets/bootstrap.min.css 200 4.531 ms - 121200 GET /javascripts/client.js 200 1.791 ms - 504 GET /javascripts/jquery.min.js 200 8.885 ms - 95821 GET /javascripts/bootstrap.min.js 200 7.843 ms - 37045 GET /favicon.ico 404 50.733 ms - 1696 POST /ajax 200 109.900 ms - 24 POST /ajax 200 5.259 ms - 25

10. fem que engegui amb la maquina :
    $ cat /etc/rc.local $ /usr/local/bin/odin_restart -> /home/sag/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI/engega.sh -> /usr/bin/node /home/sag/Raspberry-Pi-Simple-Web-GPIO-GUI/bin/www

11. veiem el seu funcionament : "tail -f /home/sag/logs/rmtc.log"

Compte que tot son sortides, using rpio package :

1. el client engega un browser al seu telefon
2. que està conectat a la wifi "GAS2"
3. que és proporcionada per el router ZyXel
4. i està conectat a la meva antena "NanoBeam M5"
5. que es conecta a la antena "Rocket 5" del Campanar
6. que te un enllaç de sues antenes "LiteBeam AC" amb Can Sostres
7. on hi ha un router de Fibra Òptica de Timofònica
8. que ens porta a Internet
9. on està conectat el meu router de Fibra Òptica
10. que proporciona la xarxa wifi "enxaneta"
11. on es conecta el Raspberry "odin"
12. que te un sistema operatiu "Raspbian"
13. on s'executa una APP escrita en "nodeJS"
14. que permet manegar els pins GPIO
15. on hi ha un transistor SC107
16. que manega un SSR CX205D5 (AC load)
17. que te com a càrrega una bombeta incandescent de 50 watts

• cable plà :
  • amazon, 8 €
  • AliExpress 2 € - 20180215 en compro 2 per 1 euru

• breadboard :
  • 830 punts 1,48 €

• cable + breadboard : Aliexpress 1,54 € + 2,33 € envio

• compte amb la caixa del Raspberry : caixa Diotronic amb "Ranuras bajo la parte superior de la carcasa para el acceso de cable plano externo a GPIO" - 7€77

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*** Test it here ***

Si en RMTC engega/atura un LED vora el Raspberry de casa, per verificar-ho remotament em cal una foto ...

Comencem servint algunes pagines, as INDEX.HTML : server

1. baixem el projecte :
   sag@odin:~ $ git clone https://github.com/scotch-io/express-sendfile.git Cloning into 'express-sendfile'... remote: Enumerating objects: 9, done. remote: Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 9 Unpacking objects: 100% (9/9), done. Checking connectivity... done. sag@odin:~ $

2. instalem els requisits :
   sag@odin:~ $ cd express-sendfile/ sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ npm install

3. instalem "dotenv" : npm install dotenv

4. posem "PORT=2415" al fitxer ".env"

5. corregim "/home/sag/express-sendfile/node_modules/dotenv/lib/main.js" per contenir "'use strict';"

6. engeguem la aplicacio :
   sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ node server.js

7. verifiquem que funciona : http://odin:8081/

8. posem "index.html" sota "./public/" i "photo.css" sota "./public/css/"

9. dins index.html posem "client.js" amb el codi JavaScript del client

10. partim index.html en diferents sub-parts i hi posem la hora

11. des el client agafem control del "click" demanant la foto, rebem la resposta i posem la foto en el lloc adient

12. els missatges "console.log" del codi del client es poden veure amb Chrome + PF12 !

13. problema amb el python-shell :
    % node server.js /home/sag/express-sendfile/node_modules/python-shell/index.js:29 function extend(obj, ...args) { ^^^ SyntaxError: Unexpected token ... at exports.runInThisContext (vm.js:53:16)

14. versio del node : 5.12

15. actualitzem tot (20 minuts) :
    $ sudo apt full-upgrade -y
    
    En sortim amb el mateix node v5.12.0 i el mateix problema

    En Pere diu : "Has de passar al darrer node amb ES6"

16. podem forçar la versio 0.4.0 de python-shell aixi
    $ npm install python-shell@0.4.0 --save

17. posem node 11 : guia molt complerta, guia oficial
    • update our Debian apt package repository to include the NodeSource packages :
      $ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_11.x | sudo -E bash -

    • install latest node.js :
      $ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

    • resultat :
      sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ node -v v11.13.0

18. fem una primera foto amb la Logitech
    $ tail /var/log/syslog Feb 18 19:21:54 odin kernel: [78492.007076] usb 1-1.5: new full-speed USB device number 4 using dwc_otg Feb 18 19:21:54 odin kernel: [78492.113764] usb 1-1.5: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=08da Feb 18 19:21:54 odin kernel: [78492.113784] usb 1-1.5: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 Feb 18 19:21:55 odin systemd-udevd[26127]: failed to execute '/lib/udev/mtp-probe' 'mtp-probe /sys/devices/platform/soc/3f980000.usb/usb1/1-1/1-1.5 1 4': No such file or directory

    Instalem

    $ sudo apt-get install libmtp-runtime Feb 18 19:34:39 odin kernel: [79256.802757] usb 1-1.5: USB disconnect, device number 4 Feb 18 19:34:44 odin kernel: [79261.391894] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg Feb 18 19:34:44 odin kernel: [79261.498597] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=08da Feb 18 19:34:44 odin kernel: [79261.498619] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 Feb 18 19:34:44 odin mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 5: "/sys/devices/platform/soc/3f980000.usb/usb1/1-1/1-1.3" Feb 18 19:34:44 odin mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 5 was not an MTP device

    Algo hi ha

    sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 005: ID 046d:08da Logitech, Inc. QuickCam Messanger Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

    Veiem

    sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ dmesg [79261.391894] usb 1-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [79261.498597] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=08da [79261.498619] usb 1-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0

    But

    sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ v4l2-ctl -V Failed to open /dev/video0: No such file or directory

    Tambe

    sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ sudo modprobe bcm2835-v4l2 modprobe: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod.c:557 kmod_search_moddep() could not open moddep file '/lib/modules/4.4.11-v7+/modules.dep.bin' sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ vcgencmd get_camera VCHI initialization failed -> sudo usermod -aG video sag sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ sudo vcgencmd get_camera supported=0 detected=0

    Instalem

    sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ sudo apt-get install motion Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libc-ares2 libcwiid1 libjs-prettify libllvm3.7 libqscintilla2-11 libqscintilla2-l10n libqt4-network libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtwebkit4 libruby1.9.1 libruby1.9.1-dbg libtcl8.5 libtcltk-ruby1.9.1 libtk8.5 libv8-3.14.5 ri1.9.1 ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev ruby1.9.1-examples ruby1.9.1-full ruby1.9.3 supercollider supercollider-common supercollider-ide supercollider-language supercollider-supernova tcl8.5 tk8.5 Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. Suggested packages: mysql-client postgresql-client Recommended packages: ffmpeg The following NEW packages will be installed: motion 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

    Reboot and

    sag@odin:~ $ dmesg | grep gspca [ 3.075290] gspca_main: v2.14.0 registered [ 3.080873] gspca_main: gspca_zc3xx-2.14.0 probing 046d:08da [ 4.498065] input: gspca_zc3xx as /devices/platform/soc/3f980000.usb/usb1/1-1/1-1.3/input/input0 [ 4.500283] usbcore: registered new interface driver gspca_zc3xx sag@odin:~/express-sendfile $ sudo v4l2-ctl -V Format Video Capture: Width/Height : 640/480 Pixel Format : 'JPEG' Field : None Bytes per Line: 640 Size Image : 115790 Colorspace : JPEG (JFIF/ITU601) Flags :

    Funciona si engego des user=pi, no si es user=sag - si que va si faig "sudo python /home/pi/semafor/4_foto_verbose.py"

    apt-cache policy libmtp9

    Can use standard USB webcam - fswebcam :
    If you are not using the default pi user account, you need to add your username to the video group, otherwise you will see 'permission denied' errors.

19. dirigim el port extern 8015 cap a 192.168.1.123:2415

    Aixi un acces a myraspiodin.hopto.org:8815 ens mostra

Again and again I write this down :

1. go into the directory containing the project
2. type git init
3. create a .gitignore file to indicate all of the files you don’t want to track, as "node_modules"
4. type git add . to add all of the relevant files
5. type git commit -am "v1.0.a"

   You’ve now got a local git repository. If you want the thing to have a home on github, do

6. goto github
7. (github) log in to your account
8. click the new repository button in the top-right (sign "+")
   You’ll have an option there to initialize the repository with a README file, but I don’t.
9. click the “Create repository” button - named "Envia_Foto"
10. (odin) git remote add origin git@github.com:sebastianet/Envia_Foto.git
    or git remote add origin https://github.com/sebastianet/Envia_Foto.git
11. if there is an error we use "git remote rm origin"
12. to list the origin we use "git remote -v"
13. (odin) git push -u origin master - provide usr+pwd to send the code
14. and here you are !

url

Per aturar la app fem :

Per engegar la app fem

Per veure com estan tots els nodes fem :

timer at client JSBIN, GIST, how to provide server

Després de parlar amb en Ramon (20190503, 22h), vull llegir un pin del GPIO de entrada

Cablegem aixi :

I el software es senzill :

No cal dir que funciona perfectament. Ara falta crear una pàgina HTML.

We serve static pages from the "public" directory so the only code we need is :

To fill gpio_python_input repository we did :

• sudo npm install -g npm
• npm init
• npm install express --save
• (github) https://github.com/sebastianet/gpio_python_input.git
• $ echo "# gpio_python_input" >> README.md
• $ git init
• edit ".gitignore" to include "node_modules"
• $ git rm -r --cached node_modules
• $ git add .
• $ git commit -am 'v 1.0 - first commit'
• $ git remote add origin https://github.com/sebastianet/gpio_python_input.git
• $ git remote -v
• $ git push origin master

I si volguessim fer anar una App del Rspi (server) fent servir Alexa (client) ?
Exemple : llegit temperatura o valos Fronius amb una frase a Alaxe ...

I si des el Rspi (client) volem fer anar un servidor que pot manegar Alexa (server) ?
Exemple : encendre el llum del menjador

• instructables :
  Ngrok, flask, flask_ask, AWS Account + Alexa skill kit (developer.amazon)

• hackster.io :
  Amazon developer account, Flask Ask library, ngrok, Cryptography module for python below 2.0.0

See KY-037 i KY-038 specs, read KY-038 datasheet

• 1 pin d salida digital, 0,86 €
• KY-037, 0,63 € + 1,99 = 2,62 {***} o KY-038
• AZDelivery KY-037 : 1 = 4,99 €, 3 = 6,49 €, 5 = 7,49 €

Quatre calculs :

Tenim una lectura cada segon ... (inexacte ...)

... ens cal un soroll "fixe" ...pixabay

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Specs :

Specs :

Sabem que V(led encès) = 1,8 v.
Volem Ic = 5 mA o menys.

Aixi, la Rc per tenir 5mA és ( 5 v - 0,2 v - 1,8 v ) / 5 mA = 3 v / 5 mA = 0,6 k
(Std) Amb una Rc de 1k permetem el pas de Ic = ( 5 v - 0,2 v - 1,8 v ) / 1k = 3 mA
(Std) Amb una Rc de 1k5 permetem el pas de Ic = ( 5 v - 0,2 v - 1,8 v ) / 1k5 = 2 mA

Si Rb és 100k, llavors Ib és ( 3,3 - 0,7 ) v / 100 k = 26 uA. Amb una Hfe(min) = 120 assegurem que el transistor estigui saturat.

El SSR equival a una resistencia de 300 ohms, 0,3k.
Així, Ic = 5 v - 0,2 v / 0,3 k = 16 mA
Ens cal Ib > 16 mA / 120 = 130 uA
Rb = 3,3 v - 0,7 v / 130 uA = 20 k

Amb el transistor saturat, passen 16 mA pel SSR i 2 mA pel LED (Rc de 1k5).

Resum de components :

• Q : SC107, Hfe(min) = 120, BC547, Hfe(min) = 420
• R3 = Rb = 22 k
• R1 = Rc = 1k5 (o 0,6 k)
• R2 = SSR cx240d5 = 0,3 K

Resum de valors :

• Ib = 3,3 - 0,7 / 22k = 120 uA
• Ic = 16 mA + 2 mA = 18 mA {120 uA * beta 120 = 14 mA}
• V(led) = 1,8 v ; compte amb el model
• I(led) = ( 5 v - 0,2 v - 1,8 v ) / 1k5 = 2 mA ; 5 mA amb R1 = 0,6 k
• I(ssr) = ( 5 v - 0,2 v ) / 0,3k = 16 mA

Comprem CX240D5 per control de carrega de corrent altern (AC load).

SSR = Solid State Relay

Specs CX240D5 :

• pdf, datasheet

• control voltage from 3 to 15 VDC

• Nominal Input Impedance 300 Ohm

• Typical Input Current 15 mAdc (4,8 v / 0,3 K = 16 mA)

• max load current RMS : 5 A

• DC control (+) :
  • pin 3 : +DC control
  • pin 4 : -DC control
  • pin 1 : AC load
  • pin 2 : AC load

• AC control (-) :
  • pin 3 : AC control
  • pin 4 : AC control
  • pin 1 : AC load
  • pin 2 : AC load

Compte que els pins de control tenen polaritat !

Si conectem el SSR al colector de un SC107 sense res mes, polaritzat a 5 volts, llavors Ic = 4,8 v / 0,3 k = 16 mA.

Comprem CMX200D3 per control de carrega de corrent continu (DC load), as sortida de la cel.la solar cap a la font d'aigua.

Specs CMX200D3 :

• data sheet CMX series, CMX200D3
• ontrol voltage from 4 to 10 Vdc
• Nominal Input Impedance : 300 Ohm
• Typical Input Current @ 5 Vdc : 15 mAdc
• Output Operating Voltage Range : 0 - 200 Vdc
• Load Current Range : 0 - 3 Adc
• pinout :
  • pin 3 : DC control (+)
  • pin 4 : DC control (-)
  • pin 1 : DC load (+)
  • pin 2 : DC load (-)

Specs 7812 :

• Output Voltage: 12V
• Output Current: 1A
• Package / Case: TO-220
• Input Voltage Max: 35V
• heatsink surface is connected to pin 2

Fem quatre calculs :

Escollim per V rsp el pin 37, GPIO26

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Per fer proves : JS bin

HTML :

JavaScript :

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1. install "Simple SMTP" :
   sudo apt-get install ssmtp

   sSMTP, MTA

2. edit /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
   mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587 hostname=ENTER YOUR RPI'S HOST NAME HERE AuthUser=YOU@gmail.com AuthPass=PASSWORD useSTARTTLS=YES

   My values :

   pi@odin:/etc/ssmtp $ cat ssmtp.conf # # Config file for sSMTP sendmail # # The person who gets all mail for userids < 1000 # Make this empty to disable rewriting. root=postmaster # The place where the mail goes. The actual machine name is required no # MX records are consulted. Commonly mailhosts are named mail.domain.com mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587 # Where will the mail seem to come from? #rewriteDomain= # The full hostname hostname=odin # Are users allowed to set their own From: address? # YES - Allow the user to specify their own From: address # NO - Use the system generated From: address #FromLineOverride=YES # http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/raspberrypi/exim4.php AuthUser=chicharrito.posada@gmail.com AuthPass=mycharito useSTARTTLS=YES pi@odin:/etc/ssmtp $

3. Install mailx :
   sudo apt-get install mailutils (mpack)

4. test :
   mailx destination@domain.com Cc: Subject: Test Message Enter some text here End with CTRL+D to send

   Or

   $ mail -s "This is the subject line" someone@example.com < body.txt $ echo “hello my body” | mail –s “my test” desti@gmail.com

• cannot send message: Process exited with a non-zero status
  pi@raspberrypi-llovet:/var/log $ cat mail.err Jul 11 10:50:02 raspberrypi-llovet sSMTP[31093]: Authorization failed (534 5.7.14 https://support.google.com/mail/answer/78754 207sm16341828wmb.7 - gsmtp)

  Modifiqueu la configuració per permetre que les aplicacions menys segures accedeixin al vostre compte. Seguiu aquests passos:

  1. Aneu a la secció Aplicacions menys segures de "El meu compte"
  2. Al costat d'"Accés per a aplicacions menys segures", seleccioneu Activa

Yowsup is a python library that enables you to build application which use WhatsApp service. Homepage, yowsup homepage
yowsup is a python library that enables building applications that can communicate with WhatsApp users
It seems that recently yowsup gets detected during registration resulting in an instant ban for your number right after registering with the code you receive by sms/voice. Therefore I'd strongly recommend to stop attempting further registrations until I look further into this. 20190627

tutorial , howto 20190604

Llibreria yowsup-cli - a command line interface to Yowsup library.

1. sudo apt-get update {sempre}
2. sudo apt-get upgrade {delicat}
3. sudo rpi-update {molt delicat i no oficial - see "apt raspberrypi-firmware"}
4. sudo apt-get install python-dateutil
5. sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
6. sudo apt-get install python-dev
7. sudo apt-get install libevent-dev
8. sudo apt-get install ncurses-dev
9. install library
   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~ $ git clone git://github.com/tgalal/yowsup.git Cloning into 'yowsup'... remote: Counting objects: 7975, done. remote: Total 7975 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 7975 Receiving objects: 100% (7975/7975), 1.57 MiB | 821.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (5198/5198), done. Checking connectivity... done.

   Go into

   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~ $ cd yowsup

   Then

   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/yowsup $ sudo python setup.py install . . . {very very large output} . . . Adding yowsup2 2.5.0 to easy-install.pth file Installing yowsup-cli script to /usr/local/bin Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/yowsup2-2.5.0-py2.7.egg Processing dependencies for yowsup2==2.5.0 error: Installed distribution six 1.8.0 conflicts with requirement six>=1.9

   Upgrade

   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/yowsup $ sudo pip install --upgrade six . . . Successfully installed six Cleaning up...

   Now all is ok

   pi@raspberrypi-llovet:~/yowsup $ sudo python setup.py install . . . Using /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Searching for setuptools==5.5.1 Best match: setuptools 5.5.1 Adding setuptools 5.5.1 to easy-install.pth file Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/bin Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/bin Using /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages Finished processing dependencies for yowsup2==2.5.0

10. sudo pip install yowsup2

From instructables and github

Display yowsup-cli version :

Test it :

In the yowsup directory, create a file called mydetails with the following:

Now register, this is, get a code via SMS

You receive a registration code via SMS and use it :

You receive a large text on the screen, where you have to get the password (as "pw: WFMnm6K0wHmlMsilDMCLq6mHf14=") and put it in the mydetails file :

Run a demo with

This brings up the Yowsup command line client.
Type /help to see all the available commands.
The [offline] prompt indicates that you aren't connected to the WhatsApp servers.
Use the /L command, which picks up the authentication information from the mydetails file and connects to the server. The prompt now changes to [connected].
You can now send messages to other WhatsApp users. To send a message to 34666333999 enter:

url, url

yowsup-cli is your friend. Add in the --debug switch and you can see all sent and received stanza data

Issue - solution : split parameters as

code, JSbin :

201701 I get

When you register the number, you get "bocked"

See blog

Detailed discussion

Basic API, not the bot

Homepage - Google Play + Signal Private Messenger

+1.702.660.4496

Quina diferencia hi ha entre apt-get, el dpkg i el pip ?
Les eines instalades amb un es veuen des els altres ? Va a parar tot al mateix lloc ?

• APT i DPKG son cosins germans, apt crida dpkg per sota i haurien de jugar be entre els dos
• El PIP es un repositori de coses python que va "al seu rotllo". Ara be, algunes coses de pip ja les dona apt. Llavors pip si troba que pot trencar alguna cosa, normalment avisa.

Comanda interessant per reconfigurar :

Be, ara podem seguir amb "yum" i "rpm", també "npm".

Amb el "pip"

Si alguna vegada conectes coses al USB i el RSPI et fa el tonto, el mes popular és que et demani massa corrent.
Llavors tens el "usb_max_current=1" que el poses a l'arxiu /boot/config.txt, que és es una mena de carta poker per coses així.
Documentacio.

A mi em passa amb un disc de 1 TB, i a vegades la webcam. Llegir RPI config.

Al raspbian tens "rpi-config" a la shell per tocar aquestes coses mes facil. Llegir raspi-config

Si en executar "node 1_sem.js" rebem el missatge

és que ho hem de engegar des root : sudo node 1_sem.js

• copy old : insert SD into card reader and do
  df -h and then sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=/home/ars/backup.img

  If error then

  • umount /dev/sdc1 & umount /dev/sdc2
  • sudo fsck -C /dev/sdc1 & sudo fsck -C /dev/sdc2

• create new :
  • unmout : umount /dev/sdc
  • format : sudo mkdosfs -I -F32 /dev/sdc
  • create : sudo dd if=/home/ars/backup.img of=/dev/sdc

diyhacking

The /var/log/messages file comes up filled up with

Fix : comment last lines in /etc/rsyslog.conf

Restart rsyslog by "sudo service rsyslog restart"

The /var/log/messages file comes up filled up with

Here is the problem :

File daemon.log gets an entry every 10 seconds, as

Put noipv6rs in /etc/dhcpcd.conf

File /var/log/messages has repeated lines as:

To remove them, run

Raspall - 20170517

See man crda

With the command

Per veure la temperatura de la CPU (multiplicada per 1.000) fem servir la comanda :

To return the temperature of the SoC as measured by the on-board temperature sensor:

Problema : volem accedir a una IP interna de casa nostra des el exterior

Solució : un port forwarding al teu router a la IP del pi. El rule seria: src port=8000 dest_port=80 dest_ip=rpi_ip_interna
Llavors des de la biblioteca fas http://ip_externa_del_router:8000

Si volem fer servir noms en lloc de xifres, podem fer servir noip.com o Duck DNS

Volem tenir

• fabricant : Comtrend 5813 PN 723306-105 ;
• model : router inalámbrico V2 11n, FTTH ;
• usuari administrador
• administració : Alejandra [tf]
• verify noip2/DUC works : host myraspiodin.hopto.org

• model TC-7210, manual
• default IP = 192.168.0.1
• U = "blank", P = "admin"
• SSID (2,4 GHz) = "ONO1241", SSID (5 GHz) = "ONO1241-5G" [/]

Problemes :

• no puc llegir IP externa - solucio : DNS de Google
• no puc enviar email - solucio : DNS

• "sudo vi /etc/hosts" : at 127.0.0.1
• "sudo vi /etc/hostname"
• reboot

Edit /etc/rc.local and use absolute paths :

Hi ha una manera de dir-li que passa amb els ports quan s'apaga el pi. Crec que als "DTB" (Device tree)

For remote access, I use VNC.

Enable VNC graphically :

1. on your Raspberry Pi, boot into the desktop
2. select Menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration > Interfaces
3. ensure VNC is Enabled

Sadly, my display does not have VNC - it only shows :

Do

Now, enable VNC Server by :

1. navigate to "7 - Advanced Options"
2. scroll down and select "A0 - Update"
3. scroll down and select "A5 - VNC > Yes"

Verify VNC server is running :

XRDP is a Linux implementation of the Windows Remote Desktop Server / Terminal Server.

Display its status :

Open firewall :

As we have it in ODIN, if we start Remote Desktop, we have

The log lines are :

• connecting to sesman ip 127.0.0.1 port 3350
• sesman connect ok
• sending login information to session manager, please wait
• xrdp_mm_process_login_response: login successful for display ...
• connecting to 127.0.0.1 5910
• tcp connected
• security level is 2 (1 = none, 2 = standard)
• password ok
• sending share flag
• receiving server init
• receiving pixel format
• receiving name length
• receiving name
• sending pixel format
• sending encodings
• sending framebuffer update request
• sending cursor
• connection complete, connected ok

Become "root" for the rest of the session :

I get (20191228)

Per monitoritzar que tot va be (i pescar la causa si cau), posem una tasca cada 15 minuts :

Use "crontab -e" under "root" user :

Use "crontab -l" to list active crontab for actual user, or sudo crontab -l to display "root's" crontab

Pere's sw :

• el client de torrent és transmission - lightweight BitTorrent client
• el servidor de DLNA és minidlna
• NAS server - USB driver with external power
• nginx - HTTP server, mail proxy server, TCP/UDP proxy server,
• fav.casacam.net - 95.23.38.212 [20190214]

Install software using "Menu" + "Preferences" + "Add Software"
Verify it by

Use GUI (client + command line + common files + daemon, 2.84-0.2) or cmd line :

20190207 - NexusPalma, c Arago 24, 971 91 45 70 - portal - 80 € (tarja, caixa, alimentador, cable HDMI i tarja SD)

Totes les experiencies al blog

• crear un compte a gmail(henrybrossa)
• fer que tingui poca seguretat
• sudo apt-get install ssmtp
• sudo apt-get install mailutils
• configurar /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf
• send my IP to gmail {84.126.55.62}
• afegim wsm.js : local or remote - web server minim @ github
• netgear obert :
  • 3333 a 22 (ssh)
  • 2424 a 1144 (wsm)

• obrim port SSH : missatge a /etc/ssh/sshd_banner.txt cridat des /etc/ssh/sshd_config :
  * *************************************************** * HOST say HI * /etc/ssh/sshd_banner.txt from /etc/ssh/sshd_config * usuari usr/pwd_hint * *************************************************** Banner /etc/ssh/sshd_banner.txt

Compte amb el "sudoers is world writable"

Primera versio :

Nomes a Raspbian :

Un classic :

Compte : si no volem "VCHI initialization failed", hem de engegar amb "sudo ./esp_mostrar_temperatura.py" o fer "sudo usermod -aG video sebas"

Primera versio :

See it

• /home/sebas/express-sendfile @ odin
• github Envia_Foto
• take pic
• github ESP

Aquest es qui fa la feina :

La llista de fitxers importants es : (see email_mutt_fa_backup)

I aixi fem que es repeteix periodicament :

Compte : fer_backup.sh ha de tenir chmode 755

Compte : cron corre sota usuari "root" i no sap trobar on posar el TGZ ni on fer el log ! See cron with explicit paths

1. fem un shell
2. l'engeguem un cop a la setmana

• compro cable expansio GPIO a AliBaba
• compro "Modul Board groc 550 contactes", 150x 50 = 10x 47 + 2x 40, 12 €, 20190320 Diotronic
• compro SSR CX240D5, 12 €

• (1-henry) engegar wsm.js quan engegi la maquina
• (henry) fer que wsm.js envii la hora en la resposta
• (henry) fer que wsm.js envii una mica de HTML, com un fons de color, un titol i un font gran per veure el texte millor
• (henry) wsm.js amb respostes personalitzades :
  • http://localhost:1414/enric -> "Hola, Enric"
  • http://localhost:1414/sebas -> "Hola, Sebas"
• (gmail) fer un filtre a gmail que posi els missatges provinents de "henry" en una carpeta "msg-de-henry"
• (2-henry) des de wsm.js, cridar a un python que em digui la versió del python en picar http://localhost:1414/python
• (mac/henry) fer un python que llegeixi el correu de henrybrossa/msg-de-henry mitjançant imaplib
• (nexus) aconseguir una webcam barata (menys de 5 eurus)
• (3-henry) fer un python que faci una foto amb una webcam mitjançant OpenCV
• (henry) amb node fet foto i mostrar la foto en rebre http://localhost:1414/phyton_photo
• (henry) aprendre a fer anar el VI - editor des command line (o VIM, amb mes colors)
• (mac) aprendre a fer anar el PUTTY - client SSH
• (henry) fer servir webmin per configurar el Linux - url, pimylifeup, url (es)
• (henry) esbrinar com funciona "motd" (usuari "sebas") - fes "which motd" (compte que no es /etc/motd, que és un fitxer de texte)
• (4-henry) posar el node.js a la darrera versio, incloent nova font de packages
• crear un compte a yandex.com, on enviarem un 7z dels fitxers importants (10 GB on Yandex.Disk)
• (henry) salvar el teu codi a github i omplir README.md
• (henry) instalar noIP per accedir des l'exterior per nom i no per ip
• (henry) esborrar /var/log/*.gz un cop a la setmana a la 1 de la matinada de dilluns a dimarts
• (5-henry) engegar node com a servei de Linux
• (wsm) posar una pagina de "Ajuda" del WSM, on surti
  • la data i hora actuals
  • com es diu el host
  • la seva IP, interna i externa
  • el nom del programa i el directori actual
  • directori i fitxer on desa el log del seu funcionament
    podem mostrar els darrers 20 esdeveniments ?
  • qui l'ha fet i el seu email (yandex ?)
  • amb quines eines
  • URLs de les pagines que has fet servir per aprendre
  • on es el projecte al github
• enviar contingut de "llista_fitxers.txt" a "enricsarra@yandex.com" mitjançant "fer_backup.sh"
• en una APP nodejs, rebre un requeriment i intentar esbrinar la IP del client de on ve el requeriment
• (20200806) engegar un bot de Telegram per a que el Raspberry respongui a missatges enviats des el telefon

Curios entorn - jo conec "/etc/rc.local" :

Better dont use @reboot

On la comanda que engeguem és :

/home/sag/express-sendfile/fer_foto.py

We shall use upstart daemon

1. create "miAplicacion.conf" in "/etc/init" with
   start on runlevel [2345] stop on runlevel [!2345] respawn respawn limit 10 5 ; not more than 5 times in 10 secs setuid ubuntu ; not root, please chdir /opt/myAplicacion ; where is the code env PORT=3000 ; set envir vars exec npm start ; use package.json !
2. run command "service miAplicacion start"

Carlos Azaustre (old)

Molt millor així amb systemd :

1. create myapp.service :
   [Unit] Description=My app After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/var/www/myapp/app.js Restart=always User=nobody # Note Debian/Ubuntu uses 'nogroup', RHEL/Fedora uses 'nobody' Group=nogroup Environment=PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin Environment=NODE_ENV=production WorkingDirectory=/var/www/myapp [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

2. "/var/www/myapp/app.js" should have "#!/usr/bin/env node" on the very first line
3. you want the file to be executable: "chmod +x app.js"
4. copy your service file into the "/etc/systemd/system"
5. start it with "systemctl start myapp"
6. make systemd aware of the new service: "sudo systemctl daemon-reload"
7. enable it to run on boot with "systemctl enable myapp"
8. see logs with "journalctl -u myapp"

Per convertir un senyal analògic en una dada digital farem menester un conversor A/D "MCP3008" :

Communication with the MCP3004/3008 devices is accomplished using a standard SPI-compatible serial interface - wiki

SPI requires 4 pins :

The pins are :

docu

Some python code :

url

• Microchip homepage, datasheet MCP3004/3008 - 4-channel/8-channel 10-bit A/D converters with SPI serial inteface
• article MCP3008
• medida consumo

Homepage

Motion can connect to a network camera through a normal TCP socket. All you need to give it is the URL. The URL given must return either one single jpeg picture or an mjpeg stream. For the time being Motion cannot connect to a video stream such a mpeg, mpeg4, divx. The URL must return one single jpeg image or an mjpeg stream! You can connect through a proxy server.

"sudo apt-get install motion", conectes la usb webcam i reboot - recepta

If we want to use Firefox to access sqlite, we have to install it from "Add/remove software" + "Mozilla Firefox ESR"

Compare 3B+ and 4

Tech specs Raspberry Pi 4 :

• USB-C power supply (minimum 3A, 15W)
• 2x micro HDMI ports
• 64-bit CPU Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) @ 1,5 GHz
• SDRAM : 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB LPDDR4-2400
• 2x USB 3.0 ports, 2x USB 2.0 ports
• Gigabit Ethernet
• 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac wireless
• Bluetooth 5.0, BLE
• H.265 (HEVC) hardware decode (up to 4Kp60)
• H.264 hardware decode (up to 1080p60)
• VideoCore VI 3D Graphics
• supports dual HDMI display output up to 4Kp60
• Pi4B requires a good quality USB-C power supply capable of delivering 5V at 3A.
  If attached downstream USB devices consume less than 500mA, a 5V, 2.5A supply may be used

nice pdf

More specific :

• CPU : Broadcom BCM2711, quad-core de 64 bits ARM Cortex A71 a 1,5 Ghz
• GPU : VideoCore VI 500 MHz
• RAM : 4 GB de LPDDR4-2400 SDRAM
• USB : 2x USB 3.0, 2x USB 2.0
• video y sonido : 2x micro HDMI
• H.265 : soporte hasta 4Kp60
• conectividad : WiFi 2,4 GHz / 5 GHz, IEE 802.11.b/g/n/ac, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE
• power supply : 5V 3A USB-C

Kubii : 1 GB = 38 €, 2 GB 49 €, amason, 62 €, 4 GB RAM

Use the new Buster, the latest version of Debian Linux

As it has USB 3, we can use a SSD disk !

Que afegeix el Raspberry 4 ? diferencies :

• bluetooth 5
• USB 3.0 - es important si tens un disk extern gros, es veritat
• 4 GB de RAM - si et cal doncs ja ho tens
• true Gigabit Ethernet
• support for duall 4K output

system info

BCN27xx imagebuilder

You will need

• a 15W USB-C power supply – we recommend the official Raspberry Pi USB-C Power Supply
• a microSD card loaded with NOOBS, the software that installs the operating system
• a keyboard and mouse
• cables to connect to one or two displays via Raspberry Pi 4's micro HDMI ports

Kubii :

• placa : 39 € (RAM 2 GB), 61 € (RAM 4 GB)
• power supply : 9 €
• uUSB to USB-C adapter : 1 €
• caixa : sense ventilador 6 €
• cable uHDMI a HDMI : 6 €
• tarja micro SD : 16 GB o 32 GB

Per peces, a Amason :

• la caixa, alimentador i cables (21 €) url
• 2) la placa amb 4 GB de RAM (63 €) url
• 3) tarja SD de 64 GB (18 €) url

20200503 : amason, 120 €, tech details

MTV email at tinet, espai web (sense la "i" ?)

• fer servir .bash_aliases : alias l='ls -als --color=auto'
• posar un alias per la R4 al /etc/hosts del Ubuntu ( i pel PiZero )
• shell que s'executa quan engega la maquina i afegeix la data actual a /home/miquel/logs/engegades.log
• instalar webmin
• enviar cada hora un email a Tinet amb la IP externa del router i la ocupacio de disc (i la temperatura de la GPU)
• posar algo de HTML "maco" a les pagines de Tinet : inici
• fer que el "prompt" del Ubuntu sigui de un color diferent del del R4 - aixi el ssh es veura diferent
• fer un python que escrigui en un fitxer de texte diversa informacio de la maquina :
  • hora i data actual
  • hostname
  • IP interna i externa
  • nom de la wifi a la que esta conectat
  • RAM instalada a la maquina
  • CPU instalada a la maquina
  • disc instalat a la maquina i espai lliure restant
  • repositoris actuals de Ubuntu
  • configuracio de email / mutt
  • tasques programades
• fer un python que envii un fitxer a Tinet - vull veure la meva IP externa a IP_R4.HTM !
• tenir clar quins ports hi ha oberts al router i a quin ip:port internes estan mapejats
• clicar en una icona del portatil amb Ubuntu i que s'obri una finestra que mostri continuament la temperatura de la CPU i GPU del Raspberry 4
• posar un TC74 al bus i2c del R4-9 i mostrar la temperatura al mon : as R3 , using github

Fem servir un servei del tipus "systemd" :

1. la definicio del perfil del servei s'ha de ubicar al directori /home/<usuari>/.config/systemd/user/ i s'ha de dir <nom servei>.service :
   ~$ vi /home/miquel/.config/systemd/user/r4_start.service [Unit] Description=Servei de engegada del R4 (v 1.a) Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target [Service] Type=simple Restart=no WorkingDirectory=/home/miquel/eines ExecStart=/home/miquel/eines/r4_start_job.sh StandardOutput=syslog StandardError=syslog SyslogIdentifier=r4_start # User=miquel --- "user" services require this sentence not to be present --- Environment=NODE_ENV=production [Install] WantedBy=default.target

   Aquesta definicio te molts parametres - veure documentacio service i unit , man pages

2. el codi que fa la "feina" s'ha definit a la sentencia ExecStart - editem /home/miquel/eines/r4_start_job.sh
   ~$ vi /home/miquel/eines/r4_start_job.sh #!/bin/sh date >> /home/miquel/logs/engegades.log exit 0

3. aquest log ha de existir :
   ~$ touch /home/miquel/logs/engegades.log

4. el servei s'activa aixi :
   ~pi@raspberrypi:~ $ systemctl --user enable r4_start.service Created symlink /home/pi/.config/systemd/user/default.target.wants/r4_start.service → /home/pi/.config/systemd/user/r4_start.service.

5. el servei s'ha de llistar aixi
   ~$ systemctl --user cat r4_start.service

6. provem de engegar-lo a veure si no te cap problema (normalment de permisos) :
   ~$ sudo systemctl start r4_start

7. si tenim algun problema, tenim 2 eines complementaries :
   ~$ sudo systemctl status r4_start ~$ sudo journalctl -xe

Ara, cada cop que s'engegui la maquina, tindrem una linia dins eixe fitxer de log - /home/miquel/logs/engegades.log

Una "feina" mes sofisticada pot ser :

Descripció : volem mesurar la temperatura del TC74 o de la CPU cada 10 o 15 segons. Amb aquest valor aturarem o engegarem el ventilador conectat a un pin GPIO.

Com que la majoria del temps el programa estarà inactiu, no fem un servei "systemd" sino que el manegarem via crontab.
Això té com a mínim un inconvenient sobre la opció de "sleep()" dins el python - el codi no te "memoria" del que ha passat abans, a menys que ho posem en un fitxer.

Farem servir nomes python, vist que sabem llegir del TC74 i de la CPU i també manegar pins del GPIO.

Codi que ja tenim :

• llegir temperatura TC74
• manegar un pin del GPIO

Si volem que s'executi el programa python cada 15 minuts, codifiquem

... i ho posem en funcionament amb la comanda :

Finalment comprovem que ha engegat be amb :

Comencem (20200615) amb un TC74 i despres ja veurem ...

Altres :

• MCP3421, 18-bit ADC converter, specs
• i2c eeprom 24AA256/24FC256/24LC256, specs
• mcp9800 (sensor de temperatura),
• MCP3221 (12 bit ADC),
• TC1321 (DAC 10 bits),
• MCP23008 8 bit I/O expander,
• SPI 25LC020,
• TC77 (sensor temperatura), encapsulat TO220
• MCP3201 (ADC),
• MCP1010 (potenciometre digital),
• MCP6032 (PGA),
• et deixaré per tu una 25LC256 i una plaqueta amb un MCP3421 (Delta Sigma ADC)

• 20200628 :

  • OLED Display I2C 128 x 64 pixeles 0.96" , 6.8 €
    consiste en 128x64 píxeles OLED, controlados individualmente por el chip SSD1306

  • 20200628 : OLED Display I2C 128 x 32 pixeles 0,91" , 7 €
    Para facilitar su programación, se encuentran varias librerías disponibles en línea que se puede utilizar para el controlador de pantalla SSD1306.
    My code

  • 0_91_OLED_Display_am_Raspberry_Pi_4e813f75-224f-4531-8d22-ecf7427adc67.zip - drivers i exemples python
    Python library to use SSD1306-based 128x64 or 128x32 pixel OLED displays

  • fryntiz - librería (es) para pantallas OLED de 128x64 píxeles con el controlador SSD 1306
    funciones :
    • animacion(texto, amplitude, offset, velocity) → Muestra el texto pasado como animación
    • imagen(ruta) → Recibe la ruta hacia la imagen que será mostrada
    • informacion() → Muestra información sobre el estado de la raspberry

• 20200703 :
  • 1x font USB
  • 2x TC74A2 - i2a @ = 0x94 -> detalls
  • 3x MCP 9800 - specs data sheet
  • 3x BC547 - NPN transistor, Vce (<45V), Ic (<100mA), W (&lr;625 mW), f (< 300 MHz), hfe (>110)

Specs : url

• Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz - compte : Raspbian es de 32 bits
• 2 GB, 4 GB or 8 GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
• 2x USB 3.0 ports; 2x USB 2.0 ports
• 1x Gigabit Ethernet
• 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac wireless
• Bluetooth 5.0, BLE
• 2 × micro-HDMI ports

Us 202102 : Home Assistant

Lets make it run :

1. download NOOBS NOOBS_v3_5_1.zip onto MARS & Ubuntu
2. expand into a directory, lets say "noobs_35"
3. get rpi-imager
   1. download Raspberry Pi Imager for Ubuntu : imager_1.5_amd64.deb
   2. on Ubuntu, double click on the "*.deb" file to install rpi-imager
4. format SD as FAT32, using rpi-imager
5. copy the extracted files onto the SD card that you just formatted so that this file (INSTRUCTIONS-README.txt) is at the root directory of the SD card.

Ara que engega i tenim terminal, fem :

1. sudo apt update
2. sudo apt full-upgrade ; url
3. tenim "Raspbian 10, buster"

Tenim una micro SDHC "SanDisk Ultra" de 32 GB, clase 10, categoria A1

1. ens baixem un buster
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ ls -al 2932156 -rw-rw-r-- 1 nicolau nicolau 3.002.523.031 Mar 13 20:49 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-full.zip 8400900 -rw-r--r-- 1 nicolau nicolau 8.602.517.504 Jan 11 14:32 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-full.img

2. conectem la SD al MARS :
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd nicolau@mars:~$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 232.9G 0 part / /dev/sdb 8:16 1 14.9G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 256M 0 part /media/nicolau/boot └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 1 14.6G 0 part /media/nicolau/rootfs

3. esborrem tot el contingut :
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 29.7 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 62333951 62331904 29.7G 83 Linux

4. crear filesystem :
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1 nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

5. posem el Raspbian :
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo dd bs=4M if=./2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-full.img of=/dev/sdb conv=fsync status=progress 8594128896 bytes (8.6 GB, 8.0 GiB) copied, 414 s, 20.8 MB/s 2051+0 records in 2051+0 records out 8602517504 bytes (8.6 GB, 8.0 GiB) copied, 514.173 s, 16.7 MB/s

6. apareix el GUI, obrim la wifi i permitim conexions remotes
   $ sudo systemctl enable ssh $ sudo systemctl start ssh $ sudo apt update pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get install moreutils Reading package lists... Done pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get full-upgrade

7. create own user :
   $ sudo adduser sebas Adding user `sebas' ... Adding new group `sebas' (1001) ... Adding new user `sebas' (1001) with group `sebas' ... Creating home directory `/home/sebas' ...

8. make it super-user :
   pi@raspberrypi:/home $ sudo adduser sebas sudo Adding user `sebas' to group `sudo' ... Adding user sebas to group sudo Done.

9. create some dirs and log files :
   sebas@r4:~ $ mkdir /home/sebas/eines sebas@r4:~ $ mkdir /home/sebas/eines/backup sebas@r4:~ $ mkdir /home/sebas/logs sebas@r4:~ $ mkdir /home/sebas/logs/oldies sebas@r4:~ $ mkdir /home/sebas/python sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/r4_start.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/engegades.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/last_boot_time.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/send_telegram.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/msg_a_tg.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/fer_backup.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/enviar_html_a_tinet.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/1_netejar.log sebas@r4:~ $ touch /home/sebas/logs/wifi_wd.log

10. copy some files :
    /home/sebas/.bash_aliases /home/sebas/eines/r4_start.sh /home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/r4_start.service /home/sebas/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh /home/sebas/eines/backup/llista_fitxers.txt /home/sebas/logs/1_netejar.sh /home/sebas/python/telegram/client.py /home/sebas/python/telegram/msg_a_tg.sh /home/sebas/python/telegram/retry_msg_a_tg.sh

11. start "initial" service
    sebas@raspberrypi:~ $ systemctl --user enable r4_start.service sebas@raspberrypi:~ $ systemctl --user start r4_start.service sebas@raspberrypi:~ $ systemctl --user status r4_start.service ● r4_start.service - Raspberry 4 startup code - /home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/r4_start.service - (v1.l) Loaded: loaded (/home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/r4_start.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2021-03-14 00:26:39 CET; 2s ago Process: 1105 ExecStart=/home/sebas/eines/r4_start.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1105 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

12. start user crontab
    sebas@r4:~/eines $ crontab -u sebas cron_sebas.txt

    Les feines programades que hi tenim ar R4 son :

    sebas@r4:~/eines $ cat cron_sebas.txt ########################################################## # minute (0-59), # # | hora (0-23), # # | | dia del mes (1-31), # # | | | mes (1-12), # # | | | | dia de la semana (1-7 donde 1=Lunes) # # | | | | | comandos # ########################################################## 29 1 2 * * /home/pi/eines/1_netejar.sh 15 1 * * * cd /home/pi/eines/backup && /home/pi/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh 0,30 * * * * cd /home/pi/python/tinet && /home/pi/python/tinet/enviar_html_a_tinet.py &>> /home/pi/logs/enviar_html_a_tinet.log 6 2 * * * /home/pi/python/telegram/msg_a_tg.sh kron

13. per mirar els errors del cron ens cal "mail" :
    $ sudo apt-get install mailutils

    El primer missatge es

    sebas@r4:~ $ mail Cannot open mailbox /var/mail/sebas: Permission denied No mail for sebas

    Send a first message to the user :

    sebas@r4:~ $ mail -s "Test Subject" sebas@localhost < /dev/null mail: Null message body; hope that's ok

    And here it is the mailbox :

    sebas@r4:~ $ ls -l /var/mail total 12 4 -rw-rw---- 1 sebas mail 461 Mar 14 19:22 sebas sebas@r4:~ $ mail "/var/mail/sebas": 1 message 1 new >N 1 sebas@r4 Sun Mar 14 19:22 14/421 Test Subject ? q Held 1 message in /var/mail/sebas

The service definition is :

The service job is :

R4 sends a message to TG bot in 2 situations :

• power-on, from r4_start.service
• at 02:06 every morning, from cron_sebas.txt

Install Mutt :

Configure Mutt : url

Test Mutt is working - see ~/.muttdebug0 file

Setup daily backup

Compte que s'executa sota usuari "root" i no sap on posar el fitxer "tgz" - see cron with explicit paths

Every 1/2 hour R4 sends a HTML page to Tinet - see R4 crontab

At boot, I see :

Sugerencia :

Fitxer mestre en botar : /boot/config.txt"
What is config.txt?
# For more options and information see http://rptl.io/configtxt

The Raspberry Pi uses a configuration file instead of the BIOS you would expect to find on a conventional PC. The system configuration parameters, which would traditionally be edited and stored using a BIOS, are stored instead in an optional text file named config.txt.
This is read by the GPU before the ARM CPU and Linux are initialised. It must therefore be located on the first (boot) partition of your SD card, alongside bootcode.bin and start.elf

docu

Compte - 202410 (nou R3) diu : The file you are looking for has moved to /boot/firmware/config.txt

Atencio : trobo legacy options not used by Bookworm (as disable_overscan)
The config.txt options described here are considered legacy settings, are not used by Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm, and are no longer officially supported.

Use "$ vcgencmd dispmanx_list"

Anem a veure'n els detalls :

1. get 2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-arm64.zip here

2. expand it to 2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-armhf.img

3. {MARS} sudo apt install rpi-imager
   nicolau@mars:~$ sudo apt install rpi-imager [sudo] password for nicolau: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done rpi-imager is already the newest version (1.5). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 65 not upgraded.

4. {MARS} Pi imager v1.5 ... writing

5. esborrem la SD :
   nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1 nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo dd bs=4M if=./2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-armhf.img of=/dev/sdb conv=fsync status=progress 4227858432 bytes (4.2 GB, 3.9 GiB) copied, 178 s, 23.7 MB/s 1010+0 records in 1010+0 records out 4236247040 bytes (4.2 GB, 3.9 GiB) copied, 294.961 s, 14.4 MB/s nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ df -h | grep sd --- compte que no hi hagi res de Guinous /dev/sda1 229G 125G 92G 58% / /dev/sdb1 253M 49M 204M 20% /media/nicolau/boot /dev/sdb2 3.6G 3.0G 395M 89% /media/nicolau/rootfs nicolau@mars:~$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd {32 GB} /dev/sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 232.9G 0 part / /dev/sdb 8:16 1 29.7G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 256M 0 part /media/nicolau/boot └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 1 29.5G 0 part /media/nicolau/rootfs

   Si volem modificar algun fitxer a ma :

   /boot/config.txt /boot/cmdline.txt /rootfs/etc/fstab

6. botem la nova SD :
   ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(172,2) ]---

7. esborrem la SD fent servir rpi-imager de Ubuntu
   [INSTRUCTIONS-README.txt] using gparted (or the command line version parted), format the entire disk as FAT32

8. get latest NOOBS {best docu} : NOOBS_v3_8_0.zip

   Download and extract the files from the NOOBS zip file :

   /home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/op_sys/2022/sd -> /

   Copy the extracted files onto the SD card that you just formatted so that these files are at the root directory of the SD card.

   Please note that in some cases it may extract the files into a folder; if this is the case, then please copy across the files from inside the folder rather than the folder itself.

9. **Raspberry Pi 4 Model B:** display must be connected to HDMI port closest to power jack.

10. boot problems :
    edit /boot/config.txt to include hdmi_force_hotplug=1

    14 solutions, 6 more

11. tornem a provar - 20220328 :

    • conectem la SD al MARS i la esborrem amb rpi-imager de Ubuntu

    • tenim la imatge :
      • download 2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-arm64.zip
      • unzip to /home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/op_sys/2022/2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-arm64.img

    • al MARS engeguem "/home/Downloads/balenaEtcher-1.5.113-x64.AppImage", seleccionem ".img" i la SD

    • obtenim :
      nicolau@mars:~$ dfh /dev/sda1 229G 138G 80G 64% / /dev/sdb1 253M 30M 223M 12% /media/nicolau/boot /dev/sdb2 3.5G 2.9G 443M 87% /media/nicolau/rootfs nicolau@mars:~$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 232.9G 0 part / /dev/sdb 8:16 1 29.7G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 256M 0 part /media/nicolau/boot └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 1 3.6G 0 part /media/nicolau/rootfs

    • bota ? "Resized root filesystem" -> blank screen

    • baixem Raspbian "lite" : 2022-01-28-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.zip
      nicolau@mars:~$ dfh /dev/sda1 229G 147G 71G 68% / /dev/sdb1 253M 30M 223M 12% /media/nicolau/boot /dev/sdb2 1.6G 1.2G 338M 78% /media/nicolau/rootfs nicolau@mars:~/sebas/_local_tinet_files$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 232.9G 0 part / /dev/sdb 8:16 1 29.7G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 256M 0 part /media/nicolau/boot └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 1 1.6G 0 part /media/nicolau/rootfs

12. compro cable USB-2-TTL : intento log 2 serial port

    No veig els missatges de R4, fins que poso enable_uart=1 a /boot/config.txt

    Ara veig els missatges de engegada, fins q aqui es penja :

    [ 5.493569] systemd[1]: modprobe@configfs.service: Succeeded. [ 5.504223] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module configfs. [ 5.518822] systemd[1]: modprobe@drm.service: Succeeded. [ 5.528700] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm. [ 5.543254] systemd[1]: modprobe@fuse.service: Succeeded. [ 5.553400] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module fuse. [ 5.567745] systemd[1]: Finished File System Check on Root Device. [ 5.582857] systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules. [ 5.597842] systemd[1]: Finished Set the console keyboard layout. [ 5.611712] systemd[1]: Started Journal Service. Debian GNU/Linux 11 raspberrypi ttyS0 raspberrypi login: CTRL-A Z for help | 115200 8N1 | NOR | Minicom 2.7.1 | VT102 | Offline | ttyUSB0

13. Lets try an "old" NOOBS :
    You can find older versions at http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/ and particularly at http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/NOOBS/images/

    20220402 -

    1. get 3.3.0 : 07.2020 -> nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys/2022_3.5/noobs_3.5
    2. format SD using rpi-imager
    3. copy from MARS to SD pointing "INSTRUCTIONS-README.txt" at the root directory of SD card
    4. modificar "/boot/config.txt" per contenir "enable_uart=1"
    5. al MARS, engegar "minicom -b 115200 -D /dev/ttyUSB0"
    6. power-on the R4 : mostra 2 SO's i demana quin instalar -> Raspbian
    7. success !

    Configurem

    • set wifi static ip 192.168.1.200
    • enable ssh : "sudo systemctl enable ssh" + "sudo systemctl start ssh"
    • set ssh welcome message
    • set timezone, using "sudo raspi-config" - url
    • set hostname, using "sudo raspi-config"

14. Updating and Upgrading Raspberry Pi OS - Using APT

    The easiest way to manage installing, upgrading, and removing software is using APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) from Debian. To update software in Raspberry Pi OS, you can use the apt tool from a Terminal window.

    APT keeps a list of software sources on your Raspberry Pi in a file at /etc/apt/sources.list. Before installing software, you should update your package list with apt update.

    Go ahead and open a Terminal window and type: sudo apt update

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt update Get:1 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian buster InRelease [32.6 kB] Get:2 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian buster InRelease [15.0 kB] E: Repository 'http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian buster InRelease' changed its 'Suite' value from 'stable' to 'oldstable' N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details. Do you want to accept these changes and continue updating from this repository? [y/N] Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 455 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them. $ apt list --upgradable $ pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade ; 45 minuts $ sudo apt autoremove $ sudo apt full-upgrade ; res a fer

    Next, upgrade all your installed packages to their latest versions with the following command: sudo apt full-upgrade

    Note that full-upgrade is used in preference to a simple upgrade, as it also picks up any dependency changes that may have been made.

    Now, enter "sudo raspi-config" and (8) "update" the tool, then (2) "6 Advanced options" + "A7 Bootloader Version" + "E1 Latest"

    Verify bootloader is up to date using the command "rpi-eeprom-update"

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo rpi-eeprom-update BOOTLOADER: up to date CURRENT: Thu 10 Mar 2022 11:57:12 AM UTC (1646913432) LATEST: Thu 10 Mar 2022 11:57:12 AM UTC (1646913432) RELEASE: stable (/lib/firmware/raspberrypi/bootloader/stable) Use raspi-config to change the release. VL805_FW: Dedicated VL805 EEPROM VL805: up to date CURRENT: 000138a1 LATEST: 000138a1

    Or ...

    sudo apt update sudo apt full-upgrade sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a sudo reboot

    Engeguem scripts :

    • /pi/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh -> install mutt & mail
    • /pi/eines/r4_start.sh -> servei inicial
    • /pi/eines/wifi_wd.sh

    Comanda per copiar des R4 un fitxer de MARS :

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ scp nicolau@192.168.1.54:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/r4/20220403/home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/* .

lindevs

Displays MAC when used under "sudo" !!!

Compte : no es pot executar cap shell, com "esborrar.sh" dins de "/home/user/logs", si el directori el controla log2ram.

Configure :

Is it working?

"sudo apt-get install dos2unix"

Albert :

wikipedia tmpfs

I obtenim :

We want a fixed IP on wifi and also on eth0, so no DHCP is required.

TCPIP cfg R3, R4, PiZero.

Restart service :

Resultat :

El Raspbian no pot tenir 2 IP's, així que si activem eth0, deix de funcionar wlan0 !

We shall run it as a service :

El log normal es aquest :

To install the bot, we do :

The environment file is :

I el estat normal/funcionant del servei es :

When I re-plug the Raspberry HDMI to TV set, no GUI comes up - forum

Lets try X11 :

Try xrandr :

Display actual display manager :

And its status :

Try "startx" :

Try "systemd-logind" :

Try "lxpanelctl" :

LightDM description

Configuration file (quite large) :

Display actual configuration :

LightDM offers a command line tool, dm-tool, which can be used to lock the current seat, switch sessions, etc, which is useful with 'minimalist' window managers and for testing.

To see a list of available commands, execute:

System service :

... and it crashes in 5 seconds

Dependencies :

Few log files : /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log and xorg.log and /var/log/Xorg.0.log

How to reinitialize HDMI without rebooting the RPi

• add hdmi_force_hotplug=1 to /boot/config.txt
  You will have to reboot to make that effective (this applies to anything in config.txt). The display should work now if you plug it in after boot. However, the resolution may not be set as correctly as it is when booted with the screen attached.

• try tvservice --explicit="DMT 35 HDMI"
  This powers on HDMI explicitly with "DMT mode 35" which is 60 HZ at 1280x1024 pixels.
  There is also tvservice --off if you've got enough.
  For more information try both tvservice --help and looking tabular listing HDMI modes
  pi@R4:~ $ tvservice --help Usage: tvservice [OPTION]... -p, --preferred Power on HDMI with preferred settings -e, --explicit="GROUP MODE DRIVE" Power on HDMI with explicit GROUP (CEA, DMT, CEA_3D_SBS, CEA_3D_TB, CEA_3D_FP, CEA_3D_FS) MODE (see --modes) and DRIVE (HDMI, DVI) -t, --ntsc Use NTSC frequency for HDMI mode (e.g. 59.94Hz rather than 60Hz) -c, --sdtvon="MODE ASPECT [P]" Power on SDTV with MODE (PAL or NTSC) and ASPECT (4:3 14:9 or 16:9) Add P for progressive -o, --off Power off the display -m, --modes=GROUP Get supported modes for GROUP (CEA, DMT) -M, --monitor Monitor HDMI events -s, --status Get HDMI status -a, --audio Get supported audio information -d, --dumpedid <filename> Dump EDID information to file -j, --json Use JSON format for --modes output -n, --name Print the device ID from EDID -l, --list List all attached devices -v, --device Specify the device to use (see --list) -h, --help Print this information

  Malauradament, no funciona (blank screen) :

  pi@R4:~ $ tvservice --explicit="DMT 35 HDMI" Powering on HDMI with explicit settings (DMT mode 35) pi@R4:~ $ tvservice -s state 0x12000a [HDMI DMT (35) RGB full 5:4], 1280x1024 @ 60.00Hz, progressive pi@R4:~ $ tvservice -l 0 attached device(s), display ID's are :

  Interesting command :

  pi@R4:~ $ sudo vcdbg log msg

  Also modetest

  // gcc -o drm-gbm drm-gbm-mod.c -ldrm -lgbm -lEGL -lGL -I/usr/include/libdrm

  DRM is sitting on top of the firmware modesetting. (forums raspberry) tvservice is an alternate way into the same subsystem. Using tvservice will cause grief with DRM as DRM has no idea that things have changed - it believes it is master and no one else can change things.

raspberry stackexchange

Vull mesurar quant es triga a fer una foto i quant de espai ocupa ...

Conectem la webcam :

Actualitzem :

Que tenim ?

Lets run the code :

Top

Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, Google Assistant,

Em mola dir-li una cançó i que me la posi. Pero no la vull de Spotify, sino del meu disc de 2 TB. Aixo em porta a un "comandament per veu" mes generic, propi.

Que jo li digui una comanda, ell la entengui, i engegui una tasca que jo pugui programar.

Llegeixo :

Si os gusta automatizar tareas en casa, podéis probar a hacerlo con Home Assistant, un software para automatizar tareas que permite integrar Alexa, el asistente de Google o HomeKit.
Alexa es la que mejor funciona con este software, pero también es posible usar los otros.
Para usarlo, es necesario comprar una Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, que es la que hace de centralita.

adslzone.net

On-device wake word detection powered by deep learning : github

Top

Editar /boot/config.txt i posar

The Raspberry Pi 3B+ and CM3+ support USB mass storage boot out of the box. After preparing the storage device, connect the drive to the Raspberry Pi and power up the Pi. Be aware of the extra USB power usage from the external drive. After five to ten seconds, the Raspberry Pi should begin booting and show the rainbow splash screen on an attached display.
Make sure that you do not have an SD card inserted in the Pi, since if you do, it will boot from that first.

How to prepare the USK disk ? This is the same procedure as for SD cards.

docu

Steps :

1. arrancar la Raspberry Pi desde la micro SD de manera normal
2. actualizar el sistema operativo : "sudo apt update" + "sudo apt full-upgrade"
3. "sudo nano /etc/default/rpi-eeprom-update" : cambia el valor «critical» de "RELEASE_STATUS" por «beta» y pulsa CTRL + X para salir y guardar
4. instalar el bootloader beta : "sudo rpi-eeprom-update -d -f /lib/firmware/raspberrypi/bootloader/beta/pieeprom-2020-05-15.bin"
5. reboot y verificar version del bootloader con "vcgencmd bootloader_version"
6. crear SSD o pen drive USB con Raspbian (se puede usar "SD Copier")

hardzone

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1. required software : windows : Win32DiskImager
2. insert "small" SD
3. create "my_sd.img"
4. insert "big" SD
5. write IMG on it
6. boot "big" SD
7. sudo raspi-config
8. 7 - Advanced Options
9. A1 - Expand Filesystem

peppe8o

See canvi SD [***]

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• PiZero
• R3
• R4

El programari que hi tinc a tots els Raspbian es :

Detalls :

• (1) /etc/systemd/system/rpz_start.service escriu al log i envia msg_a_tg

• (2) crontab engega (see all)
  • 1_netejar.sh el dia 2 de cada mes a les 01h 29m
  • (b) backup de fitxers cada nit - (mars 11:57 am, pi0 04:30 am, r4 04:34 am)
  • (c) msg_a_tg.sh cada nit - (pi0 02:02, r3 02:04, r4 02:06)
  • (d) wifi_wd.sh cada 3 minuts - inclou un "ping" curt
  • (e) html_a_tinet - (pi0 cada minut 00/30, r3 cada minut 25, r4 cada minut 00/30)
  • wd_a_byet.py : enviem pagina HTML cada 2 minuts a byethost6

  Accés directe : R0 , R4

• (3) /etc/ssh/sshd_banner.txt -> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

• (4) /etc/dhcpcd.conf

• (5) /etc/rc.local

• (6) les maquines de la xarxa GAS2 tenen problemes per veure's si un es al LAN i l'altre a wifi

  Engeguem una tasca per fer pings multiples a veure si ajuda

Usualment son

• (+) 1_netejar.sh
• (+) fer_backup.sh
• enviar_html_a_tinet.py
• msg_a_tg.sh
• wifi_wd.sh

1. append the official Webmin Debian repository to /etc/apt/sources.list :
   vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb https://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
2. get the package information from the Webmin Debian repository :
   apt update
3. add the Webmin key to avoid the packages change over the network :
   cd /tmp wget https://download.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc apt-key add jcameron-key.asc
4. install webmin : "apt-get install webmin" - some pre-reqs shall fail
5. "apt --fix-broken install" - install missing dependencies
6. "apt-get install webmin"
7. access webmin on Raspbian

varhowto

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• dmesg full of "broken atomic modeset userspace detected, disabling atomic"

• /var/log/messages full of wlan0 text "cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:"

  Also, dmesg has "brcmf_cfg80211_reg_notifier: not a ISO3166 code"

  "sudo raspi-config" + "4 = Internationalisation Options" + "I4 = Change Wi-Fi Country"; "ES" = "Wifi country set to ES"; reboot

  pi@odin:~ $ iwlist wlan0 channel(/freq) wlan0 13 channels in total; available frequencies : Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz Current Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)

  També

  pi@odin:~ $ iw reg get country ES: DFS-ETSI (2400 - 2483 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A) (5150 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR (5250 - 5350 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), NO-OUTDOOR, DFS (5470 - 5725 @ 160), (N/A, 26), (0 ms), DFS (57000 - 66000 @ 2160), (N/A, 40), (N/A)

There are 6 UARTs on R4, but only 1 of UART0/1 is accessible.

tech info

schematics, BCM 2835 peripherals

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Snaps are applications packaged with all their dependencies to run on all popular Linux distributions from a single build. They update automatically and roll back gracefully.

Snaps are discoverable and installable from the Snap Store, an app store with an audience of millions.

snapcraft

Tu creus que aixo es normal ?

On Raspbian boot, we can read For recovery mode, hold "Shift"

What does it do ?

Provided that you are ready and press the Shift key, you will enter a recovery partition. The recovery partition allows you to start again, easily, with another copy of Raspian or with an alternative OS.

url

• raspberrypi.org/forums

• forums.raspberrypi.com

• raspberrypi.stackexchange.com

• piDoctor

If you want to access the Pi's serial console, you have to connect the Raspberry UART to a PC :

1. buy a "serial-to-USB" converter, as this Adafruit, chip CP2102 or tiendatec, "cable conversor USB a serie RS232 UART TTL 3.3V" PL2303TA

   Is your USB to serial dongle TTL at 3.3v?

   Conversor USB a señales RS232 TTL
   Lleva integrado un cable con pines tipo Dupont hembra, para conectar directamente al dispositivo a controlar.
   La distribución de pines es:

   • Rojo: +5V
   • Negro: GND
   • Blanco: RXD
   • Verde: TXD

2. connect to GPIO : (read serial connection)
   • black to pin 6, GND
   • white to pin 8, GPIO 14 (UART TX)
   • green to pin 10, GPIO 15 (UART RX)

   use "sudo raspi-gpio get" to check TX-RX is really on GPIO 14-15 or not, if you can boot the Raspberry

3. connect USB to PC and
   nicolau@mars:~$ ls /dev | grep usb -> note the tty.usbserial- and cu.usbserial- numbers in there nicolau@mars:/dev$ ls /dev/ttyU* 0 crw-rw---- 1 nicolau dialout 188, 0 Mar 29 17:18 /dev/ttyUSB0

   often the device is called /dev/ttyUSB0 - run sudo dmesg after plugging in and looking for hints on what the device is called.

   If you get "cannot open /dev/ttyUSB3: Device or resource busy error", you have two options:

   • use minicom with sudo
   • add your user to the dialout group by
     sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER

     Logout and login. After that you'll be able to reach your modem without sudo.

   askubuntu

4. run "minicom" or "screen"
   nicolau@mars:~$ minicom -b 115200 -D /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 nicolau@mars:~$ sudo minicom -b 115200 -D /dev/ttyUSB0 nicolau@mars:~$ screen /dev/tty.usbserial-0001 115200

jeff geerling

See /boot/config.txt

See /boot/cmdline.txt

Remove

So we have

And

And

Using "CTRL" + "A", then "Z", we get

Another way

Funciona al MARS 20220823, to display "boot" log (only)

Using screen, after "sudo apt install screen" :

Al MARS no em funciona el screen

• serial to raspberry
• adafruit :
  Would you like a login shell to be accessible over serial?

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• Raspberry homepage , forums [***] - Dougie Lawson : Twitter , Raspbeeypi Forums

• Raspberry Wikipedia

• NOOBS = New Out Of Box Software

• RPI hub and R-Pi Troubleshooting

• semaphore video and tools

• toolkit based on node, for nodejs apps, makes life easier

• deep document

• si volem millorar el wifi 4 dBi : TP-LINK TL-WN722N : 150 Mbps IEEE 802.11n

• acces via SSH sense pwd. Try "$ ssh -vvv 192.168.0.13". Use "sudo netstat -tlpn"

• WhatsApp pwd recovery tool

• Venden una cámara específicamente para la raspberry, que además es barata: module v2. Seguramente tendrá buenas APIs pero no sé si para nodejs.

• per dibuixar circuits : digikey

• projecte "base" de node : cdt

• complete "semaphore" code

• similar project : home automation

• Raspberry Pi Zero + Pi Camera : self driving car, formulaPi.com, robotics PiBorg.org

• HW similar :
  • Banana Pi M2+

• 20170228 : Raspberry Pi Zero W, a new variant of Raspberry Pi Zero with wireless LAN and Bluetooth, priced at only $10.

• Chess Board: play against Raspberry Pi with real pieces (uses LEDs)

• blog for tech questions : StackOveflow, as tcp problem
  Also raspberry StackExchange {***}

• Android on Raspberry Pi 3

• Maker.pro : interesting projects

• millorar "top" - htop
  • apt-cache search htop
  • sudo apt-get install htop
  • sudo apt-get autoremove

• eina Ethernet - ethtool
  • $ sudo apt-get update ; sovint
  • $ sudo apt-get install ethtool
  • $ sudo apt-get autoremove

• eina Benchmark :
  • $ sudo apt-get install sysbench
  • $ sysbench --test=cpu --num-threads=4 --cpu-max-prime=9999 run

• amazon ABOX Raspberry Pi 3 B+ Starter Kit" 68 €

• botigues components :
  • rs-online
  • Diotronic
  • PC componentes

• cosetes de python pel Raspberry :
  • gpio zero library
  • rpi.gpio
  • bon codi
  • PWM , gracies Miquel !
    Hardware PWM available on GPIO12, GPIO13, GPIO18, GPIO19 - url

• robot
  • boston dynamics robot
    The mini ‘Spot Micro’ bot rocks a three-axis angle command/body pose control mode via keyboard
    Requirements :
    • Servo control board: PCA9685, controlled via I2C
    • Servos: 12 × PDI-HV5523MG

• ferralla
  • pantalla i2c
  • saleae logic analyzer
  • jumper kit
  • muestrario resistors
  • USB power

• CPU status displaying LED cube

• FTP

• projectes
  • Magic Mirror
  • {202503} submari - python code

• pantalla 3,5 polsades
  • Aliexpress AIDA64, 19 €, 480x320
  • Amazon SOHDY, 19 €, 800x480 (?) -> 480x320 - compte : SPI
  • Amazon CUQI, 42 €, 1024x600
  • Amazon Generique 7CGQ-852 , 18€, 1024x600, 7 polsades, signal : mini HDMI, power : micro USB

• antenes per Raspberry : NRF24L01 + PA + LNA + SMA antenna

  • Specs :
    • 3 piezas - 14 €
    • NRF24L01 es un transceptor de radio de solo chip para banda ISM de 2,4-2,5 GHz
    • comsum : 115 mA
    • interfaz 4 pines serie SPI
    • parámetros configurables : canal de frecuencia (125 canales seleccionables), potencia de salida, y la velocidad de datos (250kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps)

  • codi Arduino + Raspberry

  • llibreria python pynrf24

  • high speed driver - sample with "from RF24 import *" {Irina}

  • proves al "odin" :
    conexio a antena NRF24

• esquemes ; R4 reduits :
  • R4
  • Zero

• Raspberry pico - buy it : 4 $

  pi pico W, 6 $

  The Raspberry Pi Pico W could replace many Raspberry Pi Zero W based projects, such as low powered robots and data collection projects.
  If all we are doing is collecting temperature / humidity and air pressure data, do we need a Linux OS ?

• gran update : "sudo rpi-update"

• ALL boot problems and solutions

• kodi
  Kodi is a free and open source media player application developed by the Kodi Foundation, a non-profit technology consortium.
  Kodi is available for multiple operating-systems and hardware platforms, featuring a 10-foot user interface for use with televisions and remote controls.
  It allows users to play and view most videos, music, podcasts, and other digital media files from local and network storage media and the internet.

• Raspberry Pi OS ya está disponible en 64 bits

• building a Tor proxy with a Raspberry Pi

• use guacamole for remote admin using a browser
  Again : Creating a Remote Desktop Web Gateway on Raspberry Pi with Apache Guacamole

• boot Pi 4 from SSD

• remote access

• bootable Raspbian images by Hexxeh vs "official" Raspberry Pi OS (previously called Raspbian)

• Ubuntu on Rspi

• MQTT on Raspberry

• RASPAP : feature-rich wireless router software, simple AP setup & WiFi management for Debian-based devices - documentation, github