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Muntatge | config.txt | versions sw | PiZero TCPIP cfg (eth0 and wlan0) | nmap
startup service(s) + comandes serveis | Pi0 crontab | eines | WebCam | I2C oled + serial | SPI
version PiZero 2 W 		problemes | poste Javier : test bed ; version 1 | MTV | backup xN | restores | Links | End | mapa

Pi Zero W, Novembre de 2019

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Homepage + Documentation + qq a Tinet
Install Customize URLs
Raspberry Zero
PiZero = Pi0

Gracias, Luis - 20160711. Specs :

url

Obsolescence statement - Raspberry Pi Zero W will remain in production until at least January 2026

Some projects !

Pi0 "w" specs
Raspberry Zero W

20190910 en Albertinyu em regala un Raspberry Pi Zero W, aca "pizero", amb "W" per wireless, brand Pimoroni

Raspberry Zero "W" :

Novetats :

El sufix "w" ve de "wifi", que el Pi0 no portava.

El CSI inteface es fa servir per conectar una camara al Pi0w

La resta de especificacions son gairebé iguals :

[ Pi Zero W ] | .--- CPU : ARMv6 | .--- RAM : 512 MB | .--- HD : 64 GB SD card | .--- USB : {lsusb} | .--- Network : {ifconfig + iwconfig}
PiZero Max Current

In /boot/config.txt, specify

max_usb_current=1

raspberrypi.stackexchange.com

my PiZero internals

En detall :

pi@pi0alby:~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l) BogoMIPS : 697.95 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xb76 CPU revision : 7 Hardware : BCM2835 Revision : 9000c1 Serial : 000000009fcd29ce Sebas@pi0alby:/proc $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 443100 kB MemFree: 67148 kB MemAvailable: 288652 kB Buffers: 49840 kB Cached: 214132 kB pi@pi0alby:~ $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 55G 5.9G 47G 12% / devtmpfs 213M 0 213M 0% /dev tmpfs 217M 0 217M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 217M 3.2M 214M 2% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 217M 0 217M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p6 253M 40M 214M 16% /boot tmpfs 44M 0 44M 0% /run/user/1000 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root ext4 55G 8.1G 44G 16% / pi@pi0alby:~ $ ifconfig wlan0 wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.209 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::515d:f113:6e9b:2e5e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether b8:27:eb:98:7c:9b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 795 bytes 60083 (58.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 643 bytes 118709 (115.9 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ iwconfig wlan0 wlan0 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"WLAN_GAS2" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.452 GHz Access Point: 40:4A:03:AF:5B:FB Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power=31 dBm Retry short limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=50/70 Signal level=-60 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:08da Logitech, Inc. QuickCam Messanger Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub pi@pi0alby:~ $ lsusb -t /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=dwc_otg/1p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=gspca_zc3xx, 12M |__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M sebas@pi0alby:~ $ usb-devices T: Bus=01 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=480 MxCh= 1 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=01 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0002 Rev=04.19 S: Manufacturer=Linux 4.19.97+ dwc_otg_hcd S: Product=DWC OTG Controller S: SerialNumber=20980000.usb C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#=0x0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 3 Spd=12 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=046d ProdID=08da Rev=01.00 C: #Ifs= 3 Cfg#= 1 Atr=a0 MxPwr=100mA I: If#=0x0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff Driver=gspca_zc3xx I: If#=0x1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 0 Cls=01(audio) Sub=01 Prot=00 Driver=snd-usb-audio I: If#=0x2 Alt= 0 #EPs= 0 Cls=01(audio) Sub=02 Prot=00 Driver=snd-usb-audio

The ext4 filesystem writes data to disk every 5 seconds url - "commit" parameter

caja pibow para Pi Cero v1.3
Lets buy a Pi0

amazon.es o amazon.es - 26€

You will sure need some additional components :

Total = 26 + 8 + 14 + 9 + 2 = 59€

Adafruit Pi Zero v 1.3 ($ 10), Pi Zero W ($ 15) + OTG cable ($ 2,50) + conversor mini HDMI to HDMI ($ 2,95) o cable mini HDMI to HDMI ($ 5,95) + 2x20 connector ($ 1,75) + 5,25 v 1 A ($ 5,95)

See Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W setup - 10 min video

Muntatge
HW

Punts importants :

  1. posar en NOOBS a la tarja SD i posar la tarja a la placa
  2. treure el film protector de les peces de plastic
  3. posem el nivell "0" (blau fosc) amb el numero "0" a dalt a l'esquerra - el forat horitzontal te un baixant a la dreta
  4. posem a sobre el nivell "1" (lila)
  5. ara toca encaixar la plaqueta transparent, amb el forat a dalt i el baixant a la dreta
  6. posem la placa del PiZero, amb la tarja SD amb el NOOBS
  7. posem el nivell "2" (vermell) - la part mes buida va a l'esquerra,, a sobre de la SD
  8. posem el nivell "3" (transparent), de manera que els simbols de "xarxa" i "power" queden a sobre dels micro-USBs, per fora
  9. posem els 4 cargols

assembly

How to provide power to Pi0

Both micro-USBs can be used to provide "power" (ie. 5V) but only the "USB" labelled port has (USB) data connections, ie. the "PWR" port has 5V/GND connections only

Amunt! Top Amunt!
SW

  1. posem NOOBS 3.2 a una micro SD de 64 GB

  2. botem per instalar "Raspbian full" - needed 5.623 MB, available 57.376 MB

  3. kernel version :

    pi@pi0alby:~ $ uname -a Linux pi0alby 4.19.97+ #1294 Thu Jan 30 13:10:54 GMT 2020 armv6l GNU/Linux

  4. Linux version :

    sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)" NAME="Raspbian GNU/Linux" VERSION_ID="10" VERSION="10 (buster)" VERSION_CODENAME=buster ID=raspbian ID_LIKE=debian HOME_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/" SUPPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianForums" BUG_REPORT_URL="http://www.raspbian.org/RaspbianBugs" pi@pi0alby:~ $ cat /etc/debian_version 10.3

  5. wireless := WLAN_GAS2

  6. instalem Raspbian (1 horeta)

  7. el configurem : detalls
/boot/config.txt

At 20210118 we have :

sebas@pi0alby:/var/log $ cat /boot/config.txt # For more options and information see # http://rpf.io/configtxt # Some settings may impact device functionality. See link above for details # uncomment if you get no picture on HDMI for a default "safe" mode #hdmi_safe=1 # uncomment this if your display has a black border of unused pixels visible # and your display can output without overscan #disable_overscan=1 # uncomment the following to adjust overscan. Use positive numbers if console # goes off screen, and negative if there is too much border #overscan_left=16 #overscan_right=16 #overscan_top=16 #overscan_bottom=16 # uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus # overscan. #framebuffer_width=1280 #framebuffer_height=720 # uncomment if hdmi display is not detected and composite is being output #hdmi_force_hotplug=1 # uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA) #hdmi_group=1 #hdmi_mode=1 # uncomment to force a HDMI mode rather than DVI. This can make audio work in # DMT (computer monitor) modes hdmi_drive=2 # uncomment to increase signal to HDMI, if you have interference, blanking, or # no display #config_hdmi_boost=4 # uncomment for composite PAL #sdtv_mode=2 #uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default. #arm_freq=800 # Uncomment some or all of these to enable the optional hardware interfaces #dtparam=i2c_arm=on #dtparam=i2s=on dtparam=spi=on # Uncomment this to enable the lirc-rpi module #dtoverlay=lirc-rpi # Additional overlays and parameters are documented /boot/overlays/README # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835) dtparam=audio=on [pi4] # Enable DRM VC4 V3D driver on top of the dispmanx display stack dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d max_framebuffers=2 [all] #dtoverlay=vc4-fkms-v3d # NOOBS Auto-generated Settings:
Versions software

pi@pi0alby:~ $ ssh -V OpenSSH_7.9p1 Raspbian-10, OpenSSL 1.1.1c 28 May 2019 pi@pi0alby:~ $ gcc --version gcc (Raspbian 8.3.0-6+rpi1) 8.3.0 pi@pi0alby:~ $ git --version git version 2.20.1 pi@pi0alby:~ $ python --version Python 2.7.16 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ python --version Python 3.7.3 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ pip3 --version pip 18.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.7) pi@pi0alby:~ $ node -v v10.15.2 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ npm -v ; sudo npm install -g npm@latest 6.14.6 $ sudo apt-get remove nodejs npm $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade root@pi0alby:~# curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | bash - ## Installing the NodeSource Node.js 14.x repo... ## You appear to be running on ARMv6 hardware. Unfortunately this is not currently supported by the NodeSource Linux distributions. Please use the 'linux-armv6l' binary tarballs available directly from nodejs.org for Node.js 4 and later. >>> read here . visit https://nodejs.org/dist/ and see "armv6l" letest level . mirem per "armv6l architecture" : last is in 11.15 {20200913} . cd /home/sebas/soft curl -o node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v11.x/node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz tar -xzf node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz # code is in /home/sebas/soft/node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l/bin sebas@pi0alby:~/soft $ sudo cp -r node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l/* /usr/local/ # creates /usr/local/bin/node sebas@pi0alby:~ $ which node /usr/local/bin/node sebas@pi0alby:~ $ node -v v11.15.0 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ which npm /usr/local/bin/npm sebas@pi0alby:~/soft $ npm -v 6.7.0
actualitzacions Raspbian

Llista complerta aqui

$ sudo apt-get update # fer-ho sovint $ sudo apt-get upgrade # fer-ho poques vegades $ cat /var/log/apt/term.log $ cat /var/log/dpkg.log
install MTA

To be able to send email, do :

  1. sudo apt-get update

  2. sudo apt-get install ssmtp

  3. edit "/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf"

    # host hostname=pi0alby # own AuthUser=abel.pentina@gmail.com AuthPass=theskull useSTARTTLS=YES

  4. sudo apt-get install mailutils

  5. test it :

    $ echo “hello my body” | mail –s “my test” campdefabes@gmail.com mail: cannot send message: Process exited with a non-zero status $ sudo cat /var/log/mail.err Oct 1 18:57:31 pi0alby sSMTP[1787]: Unable to locate mail Oct 1 18:57:31 pi0alby sSMTP[1787]: Cannot open mail:25 sebas@pi0alby:/etc/ssmtp $ sudo chmod 640 /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf ??? sebas@pi0alby:/etc/ssmtp $ sudo chown root:mail /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf ??? $ sudo adduser sebas mail mailhub=smtp.gmail.com:587 sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ sudo cat /var/log/mail.err Oct 1 19:05:18 pi0alby sSMTP[1917]: Unable to locate mailhub Oct 1 19:05:18 pi0alby sSMTP[1917]: Cannot open mailhub:25 syslog says "/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf not found" Correcte : {odin} /var/log/syslog Oct 1 20:36:28 odin sSMTP[13706]: Creating SSL connection to host Oct 1 20:36:28 odin sSMTP[13706]: SSL connection using RSA_AES_128_CBC_SHA1 Oct 1 20:36:30 odin sSMTP[13706]: Sent mail for pi@odin (221 2.0.0 closing connection t203sm5386027wmf.42 - gsmtp) uid=1000 username=pi outbytes=386 pi@odin:~ $ pi@odin:~ $ ssh -V OpenSSH_6.7p1 Raspbian-5+deb8u7, OpenSSL 1.0.1t 3 May 2016 Erroni : {pi0alby} Oct 1 19:42:03 pi0alby sSMTP[2368]: Creating SSL connection to host Oct 1 19:42:03 pi0alby sSMTP[2368]: SSL connection using ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 Oct 1 19:42:04 pi0alby sSMTP[2368]: (pi0alby) sebas@pi0alby:~ $ ssh -V OpenSSH_7.9p1 Raspbian-10, OpenSSL 1.1.1c 28 May 2019 Posar "Debug=YES" al inici de /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf Posar "TLS_CA_File=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" a /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/5-ssmtp.conf/ {sag} https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/104156/mail-to-gmal-does-not-work-with-ssl-connection-using-ecdhe-rsa-aes-256-gcm-sha3 root=postmaster line to root=YourGmailAddress@gmail.com {from AuthUser parameter} >>> https://superuser.com/questions/1378705/ssmtp-cant-establish-a-startssl-connection-from-a-raspberry-pi ssmtp is unmaintained software and has known TLS-related problems Use msmtp instead sudo apt-get install msmtp msmtp-mta configuration file : /etc/msmtprc details : man msmtp Funciona : echo -e "Subject: My Subject.\r\n\r\nMy BODY." | msmtp --debug --from=default -t campdefabes@gmail.com $ echo ".hello my body." | mail -s ".my test." campdefabes@gmail.com

  6. go to gmail and enable "access" by insecure APPs :

    1. log into gmail account (abel.pentina)
    2. click "My Account"
    3. click "Security" on the left hand list
    4. scroll the page down until you see "Less secure app access" in the middle of the page
    5. turn access "on"

Improvement : use mutt

configure ETH0 and WLAN0 using static IPs

pi@pi0:~ $ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.1.10/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 interface wlan0 static ip_address=192.168.1.222/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

TCPIP cfg R3, R4, PiZero.

configure headless wifi

Best way is to use sudo raspi-config, but on an empty machine ...

Pi zero W headless wifi setup :

  1. put Raspbian image in SSD
  2. create an empty file called ssh in the root of the boot SD
  3. create a file called wpa_supplican.conf in the root of the boot SD :

    country=US ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="NETWORK-NAME" psk="NETWORK-PASSWORD" }
nmap at pizero

pi@pi0:~ $ sudo apt update Get:1 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian buster InRelease [32.6 kB] Get:2 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian buster InRelease [15.0 kB] Get:3 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian buster/main armhf Packages [13.0 MB] Get:4 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian buster/main armhf Packages [392 kB] Fetched 13.5 MB in 27s (507 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 77 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

A veure :

pi@pi0:~ $ apt list --upgradable

Mostra llista llarga

pi@pi0:~ $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade {triga una bona estona}

Ara ja podem instalar lo nostre :

pi@pi0:~ $ sudo apt install -y nmap

I obtenim :

pi@pi0:~ $ nmap --version Nmap version 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) Platform: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf Compiled with: liblua-5.3.3 openssl-1.1.1d libssh2-1.8.0 libz-1.2.11 libpcre-8.39 libpcap-1.8.1 nmap-libdnet-1.12 ipv6 Compiled without: Available nsock engines: epoll poll select
pizero startup services

Lets use systemd and not /etc/rc.local.

service "pizero start"

Here we shall code all "user" startup commands

forum

Si volem que TG funcioni, ens cal que la xarxa estigui activa en engegar el nostre servei.
Solucio : wait for networking

service "pizero oled"

We want some text to be writen continously on the OLED display

We start with

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ cat /etc/systemd/system/my_oled.service [Unit] Description=My Oled Service, v1.a After=network.target [Service] Type=simple ; simple - a long-running process that does not background itself and stays attached to the shell ; forking - a typical daemon that forks itself detaching it from the process that ran it, effectively backgrounding itself ; oneshot - a short-lived process that is expected to exit WorkingDirectory=/home/sebas/eines ExecStart=/home/sebas/python/i2c/oled/b_continous_2ip.py Restart=always RestartSec=3 User=sebas Environment=My_IP=192.168.1.2 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

And we define the job in "/home/sebas/python/i2c/oled/a_continous_ip.py" (an infinite loop on "while True:")

service "pizero ping"

We want to run a "ping" command to help device discovery (pi0 is on wlan, mars is on eth0)

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ cat /etc/systemd/system/my_ping.service [Unit] Description=My Ping Service, v1.e (null out and err, /dev/null or syslog, no restart, better null) After=network.target [Service] Type=simple WorkingDirectory=/home/sebas/eines ExecStart=/bin/ping 192.168.1.1 Restart=always RestartSec=3 User=sebas Environment=My_IP=192.168.1.2 StandardOutput=null StandardError=null ; otherwise messages go to /var/log/syslog [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

Mind we dont want error messages into any log, as "no network"

service "pwm"

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ cat /home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/my_pwm.service [Unit] Description=Servei de PWM (v 1.e) ; 1.a - start ; 1-b - remove "user" ; 1.c - start python from here, no bash ; 1.d - prefix "nohup" ; 1.e - own log by python Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target [Service] Type=simple ; simple - a long-running process that does not background itself and stays attached to the shell ; forking - a typical daemon that forks itself detaching it from the process that ran it, effectively backgrounding itself ; oneshot - a short-lived process that is expected to exit WorkingDirectory=/home/sebas/eines ExecStart=/home/sebas/python/leds/duty.py Restart=always RestartSec=3 SyslogIdentifier=pwm_start User=sebas Environment=NODE_ENV=production [Install] WantedBy=default.target

Despres de una serie de problemes - el servei engega amb login() i es tanca amb logof() -, decideixo passar-ho a "system"

sebas@pi0alby:/etc/systemd/system $ sudo mv /home/sebas/.config/systemd/user/my_pwm.service . sebas@pi0alby:/etc/systemd/system $

To make the service run on boot, you should not put it in your home folder. Instead, put it under /etc/systemd/system/. This is the folder meant to be used by the system administrator (i.e. you) to add new system-wide services.

comandes relacionades amb el servei

El servei es diu "rpz_start" o "my_oled" o "my_ping" - see "/etc/systemd/system/*.service"

Podem fer :

start manually : $ sudo systemctl start rpz_start.service stop the service : $ sudo systemctl stop rpz_start disable the service : $ sudo systemctl disable rpz_start enable the service : $ sudo systemctl enable rpz_start display service status : $ sudo systemctl status rpz_start view logs : $ journalctl -u rpz_start

writing a systemd service

Els serveis "privats" del usuari es troben a ... /home/<usuari>/.config/systemd/ - read details

one-shot service or simple service ?

difference

systemd service links

Systemd is able to handle various different service types specifically one of the following

Excellent documentation :

... mas del cielo los dos sé que estamos muy cerca, tú porque eres hermosa, yo porque soy muy viejo

crontab al Pi0

Pel usuari "pi" tenim {20220409} :

pi@pi0:~/eines $ crontab -l ########################################################## # minute (0-59), # # | hora (0-23), # # | | dia del mes (1-31), # # | | | mes (1-12), # # | | | | dia de la semana (1-7 donde 1=Lunes) # # | | | | | comandos # ########################################################## # m h dom mon dow command */3 * * * * /home/pi/eines/wifi_wd.sh 2 2 * * * /home/pi/python/telegram/msg_a_tg.sh kron 0,30 * * * * cd /home/pi/python/tinet && /home/pi/python/tinet/enviar_html_a_tinet.py &>> /home/pi/logs/enviar_html_a_tinet.log 30 1 2 * * /home/pi/logs/1_netejar.sh 30 3 * * * cd /home/pi/eines/backup && /home/pi/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh */2 * * * * cd /home/pi/python/byet && /home/pi/python/byet/wd_a_byet.py &>> /home/pi/logs/wd_a_byet.log

A mes, al directori /etc tenim :

/etc $ ls -alR cron* cron.daily: 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Jan 27 16:57 envia_tgz_per_email -> /home/sebas/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh ? ho volem fer 2 cops al dia ? cron.hourly: 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Jan 27 18:24 envia_ip_per_email -> /home/sebas/eines/envia_ip.sh
Amunt! Top Amunt!
Eines de monitoritzacio

Tenim :

wifi watchdog via cron
wifi feina

$ cat /home/sebas/eines/wifi_wd.sh #!/bin/bash # monitor wifi status and CPU temperature # called every 3/15 minutes from cron # v 1.1.a - 20201201 - try to determine time of wifi fail # v 1.1.b - 20210315 - display CPU temperature # v 1.1.c - 20210322 - do some "ping" # v 1.1.d - 20210323 - "while" loop # v 1.1.e - 20210323 - iwgetid inside "while" loop # v 1.1.f - 20210324 - function generar_data # v 1.1.g - 20220807 - a la 5-a, apagar wifi i engegar de nou szVersio="v 1.1.g" # 40 chars every entry # entries / hour : 20 / 4 # entries / day : 480 / 96 # entries / month : 14.400 / 2.880 # size / month : 576 KB / 115 KB # log filename : myUser="/home/pi" log_FN=$myUser"/logs/wifi_wd.log" generar_data () { myDate=`date +"Y%y/M%m/D%d"` myTime=`date +"h%H:m%M"` szDeit="("$myDate"-"$myTime")" } # out : szDeit iContaje=0 # contaje := 0 ; bAcabado=0 # acabado := false ; eIP='0.0.0.0' szNet='---none---' # 1 - do some ping, no output (goes to email) # -c is count, -W is timeout ping -c 2 -W 2 8.8.8.8 &> /dev/null & rv=$? # 2 - try to get IP while [ $bAcabado -eq 0 ] # mientras no hayamos acabado ... do iContaje=$(( $iContaje + 1 )) # contamos un bucle mas if [ $iContaje -gt 9 ] # si hemos sobrepasado el maximo then bAcabado=1 # entonces hemos acabado por alcanzar el numero maximo de bucles else if [ $iContaje -eq 5 ] # si es la 5a prueba .,.. then sudo ip link set wlan0 down # ... stop the wifi sleep 5 # ... wait a bit sudo ip link set wlan0 up # ... start the wifi else eIP_read=$(curl -m 2 -s http://checkip.amazonaws.com) rc2=$? if [ $rc2 -eq 0 ] # if curl ended ok then eIP=$eIP_read bAcabado=1 # entonces hemos acabado por tener la IP szNet=$(/sbin/iwgetid) # 3 - get wifi ESSID else generar_data # out : $szDeit echo -e "$szDeit --- ($iContaje) --- no IP" >> $log_FN fi fi fi done # 4 - try to see if connected wget -q --spider http://google.com if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then szQ="+++ Online, ("$eIP")" else szQ="--- Offline, ("$eIP")" fi # 5 - get GPU temperature Temp=`/opt/vc/bin/vcgencmd measure_temp | cut -d "=" -f 2` # 6 - write log message generar_data # out : $szDeit echo -e "$szDeit ($0) ($szVer) ($iContaje) {$szNet} $szQ - temp $Temp" >> $log_FN exit 0

Dont forget "chmod 744 wifi_wd.sh"

Ens cal "touch /home/sebas/logs/wifi_wd.log"

wifi programacio

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ cat cron_wd.txt # m h dom mon dow command */3 * * * * /home/sebas/eines/wifi_wd.sh
wifi activacio

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ crontab -u sebas cron_wd.txt
wifi verificacio

sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ crontab -l # m h dom mon dow command */3 * * * * /home/sebas/eines/wifi_wd.sh

Also "tail -f /home/sebas/logs/wifi_wd.log"

Si no hi ha res, mirem el log del sistema :

$ sudo cat /var/log/syslog (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)

O el log del MTA :

$ cat /home/sebas/.msmtp.log

Hi ha "exitcode=EX_OK" o "exitcode=EX_DATAERR"

Generem una pàgina HTML i la enviem a Tinet cada 30 minuts

Volem enviar una pàgina HTML a Tinet cada període, amb informacio diversa.

Generacio de la pagina

El codi q hi tenim es aquest :

$ cat /home/sebas/python/tinet/enviar_html_a_tinet.py #!/usr/bin/env python3 # this program : # 0) start using crontab, every 30 minutes # m h dom mon dow command # 0,30 * * * * /home/sebas/python/tinet/enviar_html_a_tinet.py # 1) reads external IP using http://ipv4.icanhazip.com/ or http://checkip.amazonaws.com # and gets local wifi SSID # 2) creates a HTML page named IP_PI0.HTM # 3) sends IP_PI0.HTM and TEMP.HTM to tinet using FTP # pendent : # mostrar versio Raspbian, python, pip, node, npm, git, # URLs # https://gist.github.com/jefftriplett/9748036 # http://api.hostip.info/get_json.php # http://ifconfig.me/ip # https://docs.python.org/3/library/ftplib.html # https://stackabuse.com/introduction-to-python-ftp/ # https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html - HOSTNAME is NOT an envir var ! # https://pythontic.com/modules/socket/gethostname # https://www.kite.com/python/answers/how-to-remove-a-trailing-newline-in-python # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16511337/correct-way-to-try-except-using-python-requests-module # https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/ - urllib3 - Sanity-friendly HTTP client # https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/global-local-variables-python/ - global variable # Resultat : # http://usuaris.tinet.cat/jpmiguez/IP_PI0.HTM # Debug : python -m pdb enviar_html_a_tinet.py # Versions : # v 1.1 - 20200612 - posem timestamp, hostname, ... # v 1.2 - 20200613 - millorar format de sortida # v 1.2.b - 20200620 - millorar format de sortida - ordre natural # v 2.1.a - 20200620 - posar ESSID # v 2.1.b - 20200620 - posar link a fitxer temperatura # v 2.2.a - 20200621 - diferent nom local i remot del fitxer HTML # v 2.3.a - 20200621 - dom_timestamp.js # v 2.3.b - 20200621 - http refresh() # v 2.3.c - 20200711 - display program name # v 2.3.d - 20200711 - node version # v 2.3.e - 20200722 - make node accessible, better error treatment # v 2.3.f - 20200723 - display free disk # v 2.3.g - 20200724 - print free disk at own log # v 2.3.h - 20200818 - send last boot time from file # v 2.3.i - 20200819 - fopen errors accepted # v 2.3.j - 20200819 - status IP Jordi # v 2.3.k - 20200820 - ConnectTimeout # v 2.3.l - 20200820 - red msg has initial time, green msg has actual time # v 2.3.m - 20200821 - 2x variables globals # v 2.3.n - 20200821 - detectar paso a OK # v 2.3.o - 20200823 - string identificador de cada linia # v 2.3.p - 20200830 - al missatge "verd" enviar la hora que va començar la anterior caiguda # v 2.3.q - 20200830 - save "fail start" and "fail end" timestamps # v 2.3.r - 20200929 - renumber items and include local IP # v 2.3.s - 20201103 - canviem nom # some imported modules import datetime import ftplib import json import os import psutil import requests import socket import subprocess import sys from urllib.request import urlopen import urllib # some constants my_Versio = 'v 2.3.s' lastBootFN = "/home/sebas/logs/last_boot_time.log" # one line sz_IP_Jordi = "10.139.130.113" fn_JBjson = "jb_json.txt" my_tinet_host = 'usuaris.fut.es' # tinet host my_tinet_user = os.environ.get('SAG_TUSR') # using get will return 'None' if a key is not present rather than raise a 'KeyError' my_tinet_pwd = os.environ.get('SAG_TPWD') my_tinet_file = 'IP_PI0.HTM' # tinet file my_remote_file = 'TEMP.HTM' my_temp_file = '/home/sebas/python/tinet/' + my_remote_file # temperature file my_link_start = '<a href="./' my_temp_link = my_link_start + my_remote_file + '">' + my_remote_file + '' # some messages msg_head = """<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> *** Mon IP Pi0 *** </title> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30"> <STYLE TYPE="text/CSS"> <!-- .prematrix { font-family: Lucida Console, Courier New, monospace ; white-space: pre ; background-color: #000000 ; color: #00FF00 ; } body { background-color: #F0F0F0 ; color: white ; } --> </STYLE> </head> <body>\n""" msg_trail = """ <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.1.min.js"></script> <script src="dom_timestamp.js"></script> </body> </html> """ msg_fmt_start = '<hr>\n<div class="prematrix">\n' msg_fmt_end = "</div>\n<hr>\n" msg_host = '<p> #01# Host : {%s}.</p>\n' msg_ip_ext = '<p> #02# La meva IP pública avui és : {%s}.</p>\n' msg_essid = '<p> #05# La meva wifi és : {%s}.</p>\n' msg_node = '<p> #10# El node es versio : {%s}.</p>\n' msg_disk = '<p> #11# Disk use : total {%d} GB, free {%d} GB.</p>\n' msg_boot = '<p> #12# Last boot timestamp {%s}.</p>\n' msg_temp = '<p> Grafica temperatura : { %s }.</p>\n' msg_time = "<p> #90# Aquesta pàgina es genera cada 1/2 hora. Darrera generacio : {%s}.</p>\n" msg_versio = '<p> #91# Generador {%s} versió : {%s}.</p>\n' msg_vermell = '<div style="color:red"> #50# --- JB ip {%s} esta caiguda --- la caiguda ha començat a les {%s} --- </div>\n' msg_verd = '<div style="color:green"> #50# +++ JB ip {%s} esta ok +++ darrera caiguda : inici {%s}, final {%s} +++ </div>\n' msg_result_url = 'http://usuaris.tinet.cat/jpmiguez/IP_PI0.HTM' # some functions # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- def Fer_pagina_html( my_Fitxer, my_ip_ext, my_essid, my_node, my_temp, my_disk_total, my_disk_free, my_boot_time, my_iq_jordi ): global qq_JB global szCaiguda global szFinal_Caiguda szHost = socket.gethostname() f = open( my_Fitxer, "w") f.write( msg_head ) f.write( msg_fmt_start ) txt_host = msg_host % szHost f.write( txt_host ) txt_ip_ext = msg_ip_ext % my_ip_ext f.write( txt_ip_ext ) txt_essid = msg_essid % my_essid f.write( txt_essid ) txt_node = msg_node % my_node f.write( txt_node ) txt_disk = msg_disk % ( my_disk_total, my_disk_free ) f.write( txt_disk ) txt_boot = msg_boot % my_boot_time f.write( txt_boot ) # estat de la antena den JB if ( my_iq_jordi == 0 ): # 0 means "ip ok", other indicate error number if ( qq_JB == 0 ): # if it was disconnected, then now is the moment of the "disconnection end" szFinal_Caiguda = szAra # save it qq_JB = 1 # set the new status txt_iq_jordi = msg_verd % ( sz_IP_Jordi, szCaiguda, szFinal_Caiguda ) # ara es OK, enviem la hora de inici/final de la caiguda anterior else: # ip is down if ( qq_JB == 1 ): # if it was connected, txt_iq_jordi = msg_vermell % ( sz_IP_Jordi, szAra ) # then it has failed right now so we send actual time qq_JB = 0 # set the new status szCaiguda = szAra # and save actual timestamp else: # if it was not connected, txt_iq_jordi = msg_vermell % ( sz_IP_Jordi, szCaiguda ) # then we send old time, when fail started f.write( txt_iq_jordi ) # +++ external items txt_temp = msg_temp % my_temp f.write( txt_temp ) # --- external items txt_time = msg_time % szAra f.write( txt_time ) txt_versio = msg_versio % ( sys.argv[0], my_Versio ) f.write( txt_versio ) f.write( msg_fmt_end ) f.write( msg_trail ) f.close() return my_Fitxer # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- def Enviar_a_Tinet( nom_fitxer_html, nom_fitxer_remot ): my_RC = 0 ftp = ftplib.FTP( my_tinet_host ) # set a connection try: ftp.login( my_tinet_user, my_tinet_pwd ) # provide credentials ftp.cwd( 'html' ) # go to html directory with open( nom_fitxer_html, 'rb' ) as fp: # use BINARY to transfer UNICODE res = ftp.storlines( 'STOR ' + nom_fitxer_remot, fp ) # upload an ASCII file - for binary use "STORBINARY" if not res.startswith('226 Transfer complete'): my_RC = 1 # upload failed except ftplib.all_errors as e: my_RC = e # ftp error ftp.quit() # terminate the FTP connection return my_RC # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- def get_timestamp_from_file( nom_fitxer_timestamp ): try: fileBoot = open( nom_fitxer_timestamp, 'r' ) my_Boot_Time = fileBoot.readline() fileBoot.close() my_timestamp = my_Boot_Time.rstrip( "\n" ) # remove trailing new line char except FileNotFoundError: my_timestamp = "00:00:00 00/00/0000" return my_timestamp # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- def detectar_IP( sz_IP ): # see requests.readthedocs.io print( '+++ detectar [', sz_IP, '], qq [', qq_JB, '].' ) my_iQ = 1 try: req = requests.get( 'http://'+sz_IP, timeout=3 ) req.raise_for_status() my_iQ = 0 # indicate "OK" except requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout as errCT: print ( "--- connect timeout:", errCT ) my_iQ = -2 except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as errCE: print ( "--- Error Connecting:", errCE ) my_iQ = -3 except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as errHE: # python 3 only print ( "--- HTTP error:", errHE ) my_iQ = -4 except requests.exceptions.RequestException as errRE: # python 3 only print ( "--- Request error:", errRE ) my_iQ = -5 except requests.exceptions.Timeout as errTO: print ( "--- Timeout Error:", errTO ) my_iQ = -6 except: print( "--- Unexpected error: ", sys.exc_info() ) my_iQ = -1 return my_iQ # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- def My_Main(): try: # (1) obtenir dades : IP externa, nom wifi, node version, disk usage, boot timestamp, JB ip status my_URL = 'http://ipv4.icanhazip.com' my_URL = 'http://checkip.amazonaws.com' my_IP_ext = urlopen( my_URL ).read().decode(encoding='UTF-8').strip() # convert bytes to string and remove trailing \n print( '+++ my ext IP [', my_IP_ext, ']' ) my_cmd = ['/sbin/iwgetid'] proc = subprocess.Popen( my_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE ) o, e = proc.communicate() my_ESSID = o.decode('ascii').strip() print( '+++ my wifi name [', my_ESSID, ']' ) my_cmd = '/usr/local/bin/node -v' my_node_version = '*** no se ***' proc = subprocess.Popen( my_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True ) (out, err) = proc.communicate() if out: my_node_version = out.decode('ascii').strip() if err: my_node_version = '--- err ---' print( '+++ my node version [', my_node_version, ']' ) obj_Disk = psutil.disk_usage('/') my_disk_total = obj_Disk.total / (1024.0 ** 3) my_disk_free = obj_Disk.free / (1024.0 ** 3) print( '+++ my disk total/free [%d/%d]' % (my_disk_total,my_disk_free) ) my_Boot_Time = get_timestamp_from_file( lastBootFN ) print( '*** last boot time [', my_Boot_Time, '].' ) iQ_Jordi = detectar_IP( sz_IP_Jordi ) # out : 0 = ok, others error print( '*** detectar [', sz_IP_Jordi, '], rc [', iQ_Jordi, '].' ) # (2) fer pagina HTML my_html_file = Fer_pagina_html( my_tinet_file, my_IP_ext, my_ESSID, my_node_version, my_temp_link, my_disk_total, my_disk_free, my_Boot_Time, iQ_Jordi ) # (3) enviar a Tinet via FTP my_rc = 0 my_rc = Enviar_a_Tinet( my_html_file, my_html_file ) if ( my_rc == 0 ) : print( '+++ RC ', my_rc, '+++ enviat', my_html_file ) else : print( '--- RC ', my_rc, '--- no hem enviat', my_html_file ) my_rc = Enviar_a_Tinet( my_temp_file, my_remote_file ) if ( my_rc == 0 ) : print( '+++ RC ', my_rc, '+++ enviat', my_remote_file ) else : print( '--- RC ', my_rc, '--- no hem enviat', my_remote_file ) except ConnectionResetError: print("--- ConnectionResetError") except urllib.error.URLError as err_u: ResponseData = err_u.reason print( "--- URL error (", ResponseData, ")." ) except NameError as err_n: print( "--- Name error: ", err_n ) # Output expected NameErrors except: print( "--- Unexpected error: ", sys.exc_info()[0] ) # ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- if __name__ == '__main__': now = datetime.datetime.now() szAra = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # get timestamp to be used in this execution try: pjf = open( fn_JBjson, 'r' ) # open json file to read my_json = json.load( pjf ) # read json data from file pjf.close() # close the "memory" file qq_JB = my_json['qq'] # connected by default, so both green and red are sent szCaiguda = my_json['ts_ini'] # get fail-start timestamp from file szFinal_Caiguda = my_json['ts_fin'] # get fail-end timestamp from file print( '\n>>> ', szAra, ' - generar i enviar {', my_tinet_file, '} a Tinet, versio {', my_Versio, '}' ) print( '>>> at start, JB ip status is {', qq_JB, '}, fail start/end {', szCaiguda, '/', szFinal_Caiguda, '}' ) My_Main() print( '*** Resultat ', msg_result_url, '} ***' ) pjf = open( fn_JBjson, 'w' ) # open json file to write my_json['qq'] = qq_JB # connected by default, so both green and red are sent my_json['ts_ini'] = szCaiguda # get fail-start timestamp from file my_json['ts_fin'] = szFinal_Caiguda # get fail-end timestamp from file json.dump( my_json, pjf ) # write json to file pjf.close() # close the "memory" file print( '>>> at end, JB ip status is {', qq_JB, '}, fail start/end {', szCaiguda, '/', szFinal_Caiguda, '}' ) except: print( "--- Unexpected error: ", sys.exc_info()[0] ) sys.exit() # bye
crontab

Quan s'executa del cron, la pagina s'escriu a /home/sebas i aixo no es correcte del tot

En un principi posem el canvi de directori al crontab :

0,30 * * * * cd /home/sebas/python/tinet && /home/sebas/python/tinet/enviar_ip_a_tinet.py >> /home/sebas/logs/enviar_ip_a_tinet.log 2>&1;

En un principi s'enviaba cada hora (com R3), pero el codi pel Jordi requereix que s'envii cada 1/2 hora.

Per comprovar que les dades son correctes, ens cal un client senzil :

$ sudo apt-get install ftp
Pi0 amb webcam

Si conecto una webcam LogiTech al USB, al syslog tenim :

May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 754.719250] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501 May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 754.929132] usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 754.929445] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501 May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 755.170527] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=08da, bcdDevice= 1.00 May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 755.170553] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 2: "/sys/devices/platform/soc/20980000.usb/usb1/1-1" May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 2 was not an MTP device May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 755.433800] gspca_main: v2.14.0 registered May 5 10:39:54 pi0alby kernel: [ 755.448778] gspca_main: gspca_zc3xx-2.14.0 probing 046d:08da May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby kernel: [ 756.861859] input: gspca_zc3xx as /devices/platform/soc/20980000.usb/usb1/1-1/input/input0 May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby kernel: [ 756.875986] usbcore: registered new interface driver gspca_zc3xx May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby kernel: [ 757.009408] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 2: "/sys/devices/platform/soc/20980000.usb/usb1/1-1" May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 2 was not an MTP device May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby systemd-udevd[1148]: Process '/usr/sbin/alsactl -E HOME=/run/alsa restore 1' failed with exit code 99. May 5 10:39:56 pi0alby systemd-udevd[1150]: Process '/usr/sbin/th-cmd --socket /var/run/thd.socket --passfd --udev' failed with exit code 1.
Python

Version :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ python --version Python 2.7.16
OpenCV install and fer_photo.py

  1. sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ ./8_fer_foto.sh

    ImportError: No module named cv2

  2. fem

    1. sudo apt-get update
    2. sudo apt-get install libhighgui2.4 libopencv-imgproc2.4 libopencv-core2.4 {fatal}
    3. sudo apt-get install python-opencv
    4. sudo apt autoremove
    5. sudo apt-get install python-numpy
    6. sudo apt list --installed
    7. sudo apt autoremove
    8. sudo apt-get upgrade

  3. sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ ./8_fer_foto.sh

    sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ ./4_foto_verbose.py ### NUMPY version I have is 1.16.2 ### OPENCV version I have is 3.2.0 >>> do VideoCapture() >>> do VideoCapture::open() +++ open() bRC is (False).
reinstall OpenCV

DON'T ! We have v 3.2

wget -O test.sh https://www.hackster.io/code_files/162334/download sudo apt-get install dos2unix dos2unix test.sh sudo bast test.sh sudo apt autoremove

url

One more try

After "upgrade", we see :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo v4l2-ctl -V [sudo] password for sebas: Format Video Capture: Width/Height : 640/480 Pixel Format : 'JPEG' (JFIF JPEG) Field : None Bytes per Line : 640 Size Image : 115790 Colorspace : JPEG Transfer Function : Default (maps to sRGB) YCbCr/HSV Encoding: Default (maps to ITU-R 601) Quantization : Default (maps to Full Range) Flags : sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ vcgencmd ; vcgencmd only refers to the videocore connected cameras - for USB use v4l VCHI initialization failed ; what is VCHI ? used by vcgencmd tool pi@pi0alby:/home/sebas/webcam $ sudo vcgencmd get_camera supported=1 detected=0

"sudo apt-get install motion"

Test the camera from command line

  1. raspistill -o testshot.jpg
  2. sudo raspi-config : go "Interfacing options" + "P1 camera" + "enable"

No luck :

pi@pi0alby:/home/sebas/webcam $ sudo raspistill -o testshot.jpg mmal: Cannot read camera info, keeping the defaults for OV5647 mmal: mmal_vc_component_create: failed to create component 'vc.ril.camera' (1:ENOMEM) mmal: mmal_component_create_core: could not create component 'vc.ril.camera' (1) mmal: Failed to create camera component mmal: main: Failed to create camera component mmal: Camera is not detected. Please check carefully the camera module is installed correctly

More details :

sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ ls -al /dev/vide* crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 3 May 7 21:40 /dev/video0 crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 0 May 7 21:40 /dev/video10 crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 1 May 7 21:40 /dev/video11 crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 2 May 7 21:40 /dev/video12 sebas@pi0alby:~/webcam $ dmesg | grep video [ 12.719838] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00 [ 13.582334] bcm2835-codec bcm2835-codec: Device registered as /dev/video10 [ 13.612894] bcm2835-codec bcm2835-codec: Device registered as /dev/video11 [ 13.652225] bcm2835-codec bcm2835-codec: Device registered as /dev/video12

raspistill is the command line tool for capturing still photographs with the camera module

Next try :

sudo apt-get install fswebcam sudo fswebcam /dev/video0 ./image.jpg

More items :

Conclusion : run python code from "sudo" !

super configuration command : raspi-config

Our operating system is (20200708) :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Raspbian Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster) Release: 10 Codename: buster

The most internal configuration can be reached by :

$ sudo raspi-config ┌───────────────────────────────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1 Change User Password Change password for the 'pi' user │ │ 2 Network Options Configure network settings │ │ 3 Boot Options Configure options for start-up │ │ 4 Localisation Options Set up language and regional settings to match your location │ │ 5 Interfacing Options Configure connections to peripherals │ │ 6 Overclock Configure overclocking for your Pi │ │ 7 Advanced Options Configure advanced settings │ │ 8 Update Update this tool to the latest version │ │ 9 About raspi-config Information about this configuration tool │ │ │

If we use option "5 Interfacing Options" we get

┌────────────────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├──────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ P1 Camera Enable/Disable connection to the Raspberry Pi Camera │ │ P2 SSH Enable/Disable remote command line access to your Pi using SSH │ │ P3 VNC Enable/Disable graphical remote access to your Pi using RealVNC │ │ P4 SPI Enable/Disable automatic loading of SPI kernel module │ │ P5 I2C Enable/Disable automatic loading of I2C kernel module │ │ P6 Serial Enable/Disable shell and kernel messages on the serial connection │ │ P7 1-Wire Enable/Disable one-wire interface │ │ P8 Remote GPIO Enable/Disable remote access to GPIO pins │

Here we enable i2c and sound, which gets reflected into /boot/config.txt file

raspi-config Rev 1.1

$ sudo raspi-config Raspberry Pi Zero W Rev 1.1 ┌───────────────────────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ 1 System Options Configure system settings │ │ 2 Display Options Configure display settings │ │ 3 Interface Options Configure connections to peripherals │ │ 4 Performance Options Configure performance settings │ │ 5 Localisation Options Configure language and regional settings │ │ 6 Advanced Options Configure advanced settings │ │ 8 Update Update this tool to the latest version │ │ 9 About raspi-config Information about this configuration tool │ │ │ │ <Select> <Finish>

Using "1" we get to :

┌───────────────────────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ S1 Wireless LAN Enter SSID and passphrase │ │ S2 Audio Select audio out through HDMI or 3.5mm jack │ │ S3 Password Change password for the 'pi' user │ │ S4 Hostname Set name for this computer on a network │ │ S5 Boot / Auto Login Select boot into desktop or to command line │ │ S6 Network at Boot Select wait for network connection on boot │ │ S7 Splash Screen Choose graphical splash screen or text boot │ │ S8 Power LED Set behaviour of power LED │ │ │

Using "5" we get

┌───────────────────────────────────┤ Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool (raspi-config) ├────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ B1 Console Text console, requiring user to login │ │ B2 Console Autologin Text console, automatically logged in as 'pi' user │ │ B3 Desktop Desktop GUI, requiring user to login │ │ B4 Desktop Autologin Desktop GUI, automatically logged in as 'pi' user │ │ │

Guess now we have configured "B1" ...

The default desktop manager in Raspbian is LXDE.

OLED display I2C 128x32 pixels

Per les influencies de'n Miquel em compro una pantalla OLED de 128x32 pixels de 0,9", tamany 26 x 9,5 mm

AZDelivery 0.91 pulgadas pantalla OLED display I2C 128 x 32 pixeles

comparativa

homepage + user manual (amb codi) + ssd1306 datsheet

Controlador de pantalla SSD1306 - módulo adafruit-circuitpython-ssd1306

SSD1306 links

conexio

SDA - pin 3 + 10 K pull-up resistor SCK - pin 5 + 10 K pull-up resistor VCC - pin 2, +5v GND - pin 39

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c/oled $ i2cdetect -l i2c-1 unknown bcm2835 I2C adapter N/A sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c/oled $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3c -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
OLED library details

#!/usr/bin/env python3 # https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_SSD1306/blob/master/examples/ssd1306_bouncing_ball.py # examples import board import busio import adafruit_ssd1306 # Create the I2C interface. i2c = busio.I2C( board.SCL, board.SDA ) # Create the SSD1306 OLED class. # The first two parameters are the pixel width and pixel height. Change these to the right size for your display! # 3rd parameter is the I2C address of the device oled = adafruit_ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C( 128, 32, i2c, addr=0x3c ) iAmple = oled.width iAlt = oled.height print( "Amplada", iAmple ) print( "Alçada", iAlt ) # start with a blank screen oled.fill(0) # blank the framebuffer oled.show() # push the framebuffer onto the display
First OLED code

Code :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c/oled $ ./simple_test.py FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'font5x8.bin'

Get it here , and place it ... ?
You'll want to copy this file into the location of rfm9x_check.py : into "/home/sebas/python/i2c/oled/"
Use this command

wget -O font5x8.bin https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_framebuf/blob/master/examples/font5x8.bin?raw=true

Test the font :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c/oled $ sudo ./oled_test.py ValueError: No I2C device at address: 3d

I fix it, and ...

OLED links

PICkitTM Serial I2C Demo Board

User's Guide

The PICkitTM Serial I2C Demo Board demonstrates I2C serial communications and operation of the following devices:

Startup

(1) fem "enable" del bus "i2c", rebotem i verifiquem :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ cat /boot/config.txt | grep i2c dtparam=i2c_arm=on

Optionally, to improve performance, increase the I2C baudrate from the default of 100KHz to 400KHz by altering /boot/config.txt to include:

dtparam=i2c_arm=on,i2c_baudrate=400000

Then reboot.

(2) add your user "pi" to the i2c group and install i2c-tools:

$ sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c/oled $ sudo usermod -a -G i2c sebas $ sudo apt-get install i2c-tools

(3) conectem la tarja al PiZero.

- +V pin 2 (+5 v), amb 0,1 uF decoupling capacitor to GND GND pin 39 (GND) SDA pin 3 (SDA), amb 4k7 pull up resistor SCL pin 5 (SCL), amb 4k7 pull up resistor -

(4) mirem quins devices hi ha al bus I2C :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ i2cdetect -l i2c-1 unknown bcm2835 I2C adapter N/A sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: 20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 48 49 -- -- -- 4d -- -- 50: 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
24LC02B - seil EEPROM

uTic address 0xAX, shift right, i2c address 0x5X

De moment no fem res amb la EEPROM

Aqui hi ha unes utilitats

MCP 9800 - sensor de temperatura

uTic address 0x92, shift right, i2c address 0x49

Nomes fem que lectura i mostrem la temperatura

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cget -y 1 0x49 0x1c
MCP 3221 - A2D converter

uTic address 0x9A, shift right, i2c address 0x4D

Cal fer una escriptura per a que comenci a fer conversio

Toquem el potenciometre i veiem que la mesura analogica va canviant.

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x4d 0x00 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cget -y 1 0x4d 0x00 w 0x4201
TC 1321 - DAC 10 bits

uTic address 0x90, shift right, i2c address 0x48

Escrivim diferents valors i mesurem que la sortida analogica va canviant.

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0000 w 0,00 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0010 w 0,26 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0020 w 0,53 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0040 w 1,06 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0050 w 1,33 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0060 w 1,60 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x0080 w 2,13 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x00C0 w 3,14 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x48 0x00 0x00F0 w 3,98
MCP 23008 - I/O expander

A les 8 sortides té 8 leds !

Primer fem 4 proves - compta amb el "jumper" per activar els leds !

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x00 0x00 ; force output sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x05 0x20 ; sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x00 ; write data into ouput sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x01 ; ... change to next LED sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x02 ; ... change to next LED sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x04 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x08 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x10 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x20 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x40 sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x80

En bash :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c $ cat shift.sh #!/bin/bash -x while true do sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x01 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x02 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x04 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x08 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x10 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x20 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x40 /bin/sleep 1 sudo i2cset -y 1 0x20 0x09 0x80 /bin/sleep 1 done

En python :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c $ cat MCP23008_flash.py #!/usr/bin/python3 # MCP23008 address, 0x20(32) import smbus import time # Get I2C bus bus = smbus.SMBus(1) bus.write_byte_data(0x20, 0x00, 0x00) # all 8 pins are configured as outputs while True: bus.write_byte_data(0x20, 0x09, 0x00) # apaguem tots els leds time.sleep(0.5) bus.write_byte_data(0x20, 0x09, 0xFF) # encenem tots els leds time.sleep(0.5)
TC74A2 - serially accessible, digital temperature sensor

We have a page about a TC74 specs and pinout. Here and now (20200705) we have it on our I2C bus, connecting :

pin 1 - NC pin 2 - SDA - pin 3 del Raspberry pin 3 - GND pin 4 - SCLK - pin 5 pin 5 - VDD (+5 V)

The uTic address is 0x94, we shift it right, and get i2c address 0x4A

Before :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: 20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3c -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 48 49 -- -- -- 4d -- -- 50: 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

We connect the TC74A2 and now we have :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20: 20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3c -- -- -- 40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 48 49 4a -- -- 4d -- -- 50: 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Temperature Register (TEMP), 8 Bits, READ ONLY
The binary value (2’s complement format) in this register represents temperature of the onboard sensor following a conversion cycle.

So, we code :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c $ cat tc74_read.py #!/usr/bin/env python3 # https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/TC74 # http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21462D.pdf # https://pypi.org/project/smbus2/ # pip3 install smbus2 # sudo i2cget -y 1 0x49 import time from smbus2 import SMBus import datetime # i2c channel i2c_ch = 1 # TC74A2 address on the I2C bus is 0x4A i2c_tc74 = 0x4A # Register addresses reg_temp = 0x00 reg_config = 0x01 # Calculate the 2's complement of a number def twos_comp(val, bits): if (val & (1 << (bits - 1))) != 0: val = val - (1 << bits) return val # Initialize I2C (SMBus) bus = SMBus( i2c_ch ) while True: b = bus.read_byte_data( i2c_tc74, 0) # read one byte from xip, offset 0 c = twos_comp( b, 8 ) now = datetime.datetime.now() szNow = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") print( szNow, "- Temp is", c, 'ºC' ) time.sleep(1) bus.close()

And we get :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/i2c $ ./tc74_read.py 2020-07-10 12:46:22 - Temp is 30 ºC 2020-07-10 12:46:23 - Temp is 30 ºC 2020-07-10 12:46:24 - Temp is 30 ºC 2020-07-10 12:46:25 - Temp is 30 ºC 2020-07-10 12:46:26 - Temp is 30 ºC 2020-07-10 12:46:27 - Temp is 30 ºC
PICkitTM Serial SPI Demo Board

User's Guide

The PICkitTM Serial SPI Demo Board demonstrates SPI serial communications and operation of the following devices:

Startup

(1) fem "enable" del bus "SPI", rebotem i comprovem :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ cat /boot/config.txt | grep spi dtparam=spi=on

Comprovem que tenim el driver del kernel :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ lsmod | grep spi spidev 16384 0 spi_bcm2835 20480 0

(2) add your user "pi" to the spi and gpio groups:

$ sudo usermod -a G spi pi $ sudo usermod -a G gpio pi

(3) conectem aquestos pins de la Raspberry :

25LC020A - 2K SPI Bus Serial EEPROM

No volem jugar amb la EEPROM

TC 77 - Thermal Sensor with SPI Interface

TC77 specs , data sheet

spidev.h

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ sudo ./spidev_test -D /dev/spidev0.0 ; modificat per enviar 32 0x00's ! spi mode: 0 bits per word: 8 max speed: 500000 Hz (500 KHz) 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 0D 3C 00 00 dd

En python el codi es :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ cat 1_envio_spi_tc77_temp_sensor.py #!/usr/bin/python3 # https://pypi.org/project/spidev/ # mode - SPI mode as two bit pattern of clock polarity and phase [CPOL|CPHA], min: 0b00 = 0, max: 0b11 = 3 # https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/README.md # https://python-periphery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spi.html import spidev import time spi = spidev.SpiDev() spi.open(0, 0) # open SPI port 0, device CS0 # Settings spi.max_speed_hz = 5000 # mandatory ! # spi.mode = 0b11 # to_send = [0x00] # spi.xfer( to_send ) try: while True: dades = [0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00] print( 'enviem', dades ) resp = spi.xfer2( dades ) print( 'resp', resp ) time.sleep(1) except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): spi.close() raise spi.close()

I el resultat de l'execucio

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ sudo ./1_envio_spi_tc77.py enviem [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] resp [13, 92, 0, 0, 13, 92, 0, 0] enviem [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] resp [13, 60, 0, 0, 13, 60, 0, 0]
MCP 3201 2.7V 12-Bit A/D Converter

Mostrem que llegim una dada variable amb el potenciometre :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ cat 2_envio_spi_mcp3201_adc12bits.py #!/usr/bin/python3 # https://pypi.org/project/spidev/ # https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/README.md # https://python-periphery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spi.html # # https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/MCP3201 # MCP3201 12-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) # aquest xip NO VOL DADES, nomes CLK # si desconectem MOSI (master), la conversio va OK # si el R0 dona MOSI, el xip torna la dada que reb (?) import spidev import time spi = spidev.SpiDev() spi.open(0, 0) # open SPI port 0, device CS0 spi.max_speed_hz = 1000000 spi.mode = 0b00 dades = [0x00,0x00] # enviem "dummy" per rebre el resultat de la conversio try: while True: # print( '>>> snd ', hex(dades[0]), hex(dades[1]) ) resp = spi.xfer2( dades ) print( '<<< rcv ', hex(resp[0]), hex(resp[1]) ) time.sleep(1) except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): spi.close() raise spi.close()
MCP 4822 - 12-Bit DAC with Internal V REF

Dual channel 12-bit Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) with internal voltage reference.

datasheet pdf

Fem servir aquest codi :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ cat 3_envio_spi_mcp4822_dac12bits.py #!/usr/bin/python3 # https://pypi.org/project/spidev/ # https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/README.md # https://python-periphery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spi.html # https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/MCP4822 # MCP4822 is a dual channel 12-bit Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) with internal voltage reference. import spidev import time spi = spidev.SpiDev() spi.open(0, 0) # open SPI port 0, device CS0 spi.max_speed_hz = 5000 # imprescindible ! Num = 0 dades = [0x00,0x00] try: while True: # DAC A dades[0] = 0x30 # 0b0011.0000 - we use 8 bits only ! dades[1] = Num szOut = '0X{:02x}'.format(dades [0]), '0X{:02x}'.format(dades [1]) print( szOut ) resp = spi.xfer2( dades ) szOut = '0X{:02x}'.format(resp [0]), '0X{:02x}'.format(resp [1]) print( szOut ) # DAC B dades[0] = 0xB0 # select DAC "B" dades[1] = 256 - Num print( '>>> snd ', hex(dades[0]), hex(dades[1]) ) resp = spi.xfer2( dades ) print( '<<< rcv ', hex(resp[0]), hex(resp[1]) ) time.sleep(1) Num = Num + 1 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): spi.close() raise spi.close()

Comprovem que la tensio de sortida es comporta correctament

MCP 41010 - digital potentiometer

single-channel, 8-bit digital potentiometer, 10kΩ end-to-end resistance value with an SPI serial interface.

datasheet , pdf

Fem servir aquest codi :

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ cat 4_envio_spi_mcp41010_digipot.py #!/usr/bin/python3 # https://pypi.org/project/spidev/ # https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/README.md # https://python-periphery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/spi.html # https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/MCP41010 # The MCP41010 is a single-channel, 8-bit digital potentiometer features 10kΩ end-to-end resistance value with an SPI serial interface. import spidev import time spi = spidev.SpiDev() spi.open(0, 0) # open SPI port 0, device CS0 spi.max_speed_hz = 5000 Num = 0 dades = [0x11,0x00] try: while True: dades[1] = Num print( 'enviem', dades ) resp = spi.xfer2( dades ) print( 'resp', resp ) time.sleep(1) Num = Num + 1 except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): spi.close() raise spi.close()

I veiem que estem regulant la resistencia

MCP6S92 - Single-Ended, Rail-to-Rail I/O, Low-Gain PGA

We are not interested in PGA by now

MCP23S08 - 8-Bit I/O Expander

This xip was not present in our card (!?)

version PiZero 2 W - RASPBERRY PI ZERO 2W - 2WH

digikey, specs pdf raspberry pi zero 2 w

Problemes al Pi0

Anem documentant ...

/var/log/syslog

Al fitxer syslog apareix (en color blau cel)

sebas@pi0alby:~/python/spi $ cat 4_envio_spi_mcp41010_digipot.py Aug 6 03:17:02 pi0alby systemd[1]: Started My Oled Service, v1.a. ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ Aug 6 03:17:26 pi0alby fake-hwclock[67]: Thu 06 Aug 2020 01:17:05 AM UTC Aug 6 03:17:26 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018) Aug 6 03:17:26 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: root: clean, 230947/3661824 files, 2373611/14622720 blocks Aug 6 03:17:26 pi0alby systemd[1]: Started File System Check on Root Device. Aug 6 03:17:26 pi0alby kernel: [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0

... i el Pi0 es penja

Again :

Aug 10 08:33:02 pi0alby CRON[4069]: (sebas) CMD (/home/sebas/python/tinet/enviar_ip_a_tinet.py >> /home/sebas/logs/enviar_ip_a_tinet.log 2>&1;) Aug 10 08:45:01 pi0alby CRON[4087]: (sebas) CMD (/home/sebas/eines/wifi_wd.sh) Aug 10 09:00:02 pi0alby CRON[4106]: (sebas) CMD (/home/sebas/eines/wifi_wd.sh) ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby fake-hwclock[67]: Mon 10 Aug 2020 06:17:03 AM UTC Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018) Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: Superblock last mount time is in the future. Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: #011(by less than a day, probably due to the hardware clock being incorrectly set) Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby systemd-fsck[94]: root: clean, 232776/3661824 files, 2381841/14622720 blocks Aug 10 08:51:42 pi0alby systemd[1]: Started File System Check on Root Device.

Intentem Superblock last mount time is in the future

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo hwclock [sudo] password for sebas: hwclock: Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method. hwclock: Use the --verbose option to see the details of our search for an access method. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo hwclock --verbose hwclock from util-linux 2.33.1 System Time: 1597081962.644198 Trying to open: /dev/rtc0 Trying to open: /dev/rtc Trying to open: /dev/misc/rtc No usable clock interface found. hwclock: Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method.

Ara provem fsck :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo touch /forcefsck; sudo reboot

O millor Add the following to /boot/cmdline.txt:

fsck.mode=force

Make sure that file remains all one line

Provem how to run fsck at boot

I obtenim ( despres de buscar la particio linux amb sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo fdisk -l ) :

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/mmcblk0p5 tune2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018) Filesystem volume name: SETTINGS Last mounted on: /settings Filesystem UUID: 166eac16-ca52-4f33-9fc6-d6fc0e3af9c4 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: unsigned_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 8192 Block count: 32764 Reserved block count: 1638 Free blocks: 30243 Free inodes: 8150 First block: 1 Block size: 1024 Fragment size: 1024 Reserved GDT blocks: 127 Blocks per group: 8192 Fragments per group: 8192 Inodes per group: 2048 Inode blocks per group: 256 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Thu Jan 1 01:00:11 1970 Last mount time: Fri Sep 27 20:05:06 2019 Last write time: Fri Sep 27 18:01:35 2019 Mount count: 3 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Thu Jan 1 01:00:11 1970 Check interval: 0 () Lifetime writes: 2542 kB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: d4998bcf-5003-4db9-8cd8-2d2c84e25b8f Journal backup: inode blocks

Mes idees :

20200817 - disable logging - a veure com acaba ...
20200821 - 2 reinicis aquesta nit -> engego logging pero el poso a RAM

log2ram at PiZero

log2ram script creates a /var/log mount point in RAM

log2ram at github

  1. install "manually" : instruccions :

    curl -Lo log2ram.tar.gz https://github.com/azlux/log2ram/archive/master.tar.gz tar xf log2ram.tar.gz cd log2ram-master chmod +x install.sh && sudo ./install.sh cd .. rm -r log2ram-master

  2. edit /etc/log2ram.conf to configure options

    $ cat /etc/log2ram.conf # Size for the ram folder, it defines the size the log folder will reserve into the RAM. SIZE=100M # Variable for folders to put in RAM. # example : PATH_DISK="/var/log;/home/test/FolderInRam" PATH_DISK="/var/log;/home/pi/logs"

  3. reboot to activate log2ram

Is it working ?

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 55G 8.1G 44G 16% / /dev/mmcblk0p6 253M 53M 200M 21% /boot log2ram 40M 5.1M 35M 13% /var/log sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mount /dev/mmcblk0p7 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) /dev/mmcblk0p6 on /boot type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) /dev/mmcblk0p7 on /var/hdd.log type ext4 (rw,noatime) log2ram on /var/log type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,size=40960k,mode=755)

Remove :

sebas@pi0alby: $ sudo apt remove log2ram Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package log2ram sebas@pi0alby:~/soft $ sudo service log2ram stop sebas@pi0alby:/usr/local/bin $ sudo chmod +x ./uninstall-log2ram.sh sebas@pi0alby:/usr/local/bin $ sudo ./uninstall-log2ram.sh Not apt installed. Remove will continue with this script... Removed /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/log2ram-daily.timer. Removed /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/log2ram.service. Log2Ram is uninstalled, removing the uninstaller in progress ##### Reboot isn't needed #####

Compte : no es pot executar cap shell, com "esborrar.sh" dins de "/home/user/logs", si el directori el controla log2ram.

invalid variable name

In /var/log/syslog I find :

Sep 14 19:18:38 pi0alby systemd[526]: /usr/lib/environment.d/99-environment.conf:2: invalid variable name "export SAG_tg_tkn", ignoring.

This comes from "/etc/environment" !

lightdm message loop

Every 5 seconds we get this message in system log :

sebas@pi0alby:/var/log $ sudo cat messages | grep lightdm Oct 15 13:45:23 pi0alby lightdm[24034]: Error getting user list from org.freedesktop.Accounts: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.freedesktop.Accounts was not provided by any .service files

Adding "services.accounts-daemon.enable=true" fixes the issue

The accountsservice project provides a set of D-Bus interfaces for querying and manipulating user account information and an implementation of these interfaces, based on the useradd, usermod and userdel commands.
Configuring base services can be accomplished by editing the /etc/login.defs file

org.freedesktop.Accounts : Missing accountsservice package

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt-get install accountsservice
X11 crash

sebas@pi0alby~ $ cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log [ 8023.795] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Lenovo ThinkPad Compact USB Keyboard with TrackPoint (/dev/input/event0) [ 8023.795] (**) Lenovo ThinkPad Compact USB Keyboard with TrackPoint: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall" [ 8023.795] (II) LoadModule: "libinput" [ 8023.796] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/libinput_drv.so [ 8023.935] (II) Module libinput: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 8023.935] compiled for 1.20.3, module version = 0.28.2 [ 8023.935] Module class: X.Org XInput Driver [ 8023.935] ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 24.1 [ 8023.935] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Lenovo ThinkPad Compact USB Keyboard with TrackPoint' [ 8023.936] (**) Lenovo ThinkPad Compact USB Keyboard with TrackPoint: always reports core events [ 8023.936] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event0" [ 8023.936] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev" [ 8023.938] (EE) [ 8023.939] (EE) Backtrace: [ 8023.939] (EE) [ 8023.950] (EE) Illegal instruction at address 0xb0c0c058 [ 8023.950] (EE) Fatal server error: [ 8023.950] (EE) Caught signal 4 (Illegal instruction). Server aborting

After installing "accountsservice" it becomes :

sebas@pi0alby~ $ cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log [ 2078.424] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev" [ 2078.434] (EE) [ 2078.439] (EE) Backtrace: [ 2078.444] (EE) [ 2078.448] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0xb0be934c [ 2078.452] (EE) Fatal server error: [ 2078.455] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting [ 2078.457] (EE)
backup del PiZero de N maneres
backup del PiZero via email

  1. update

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt-get update

  2. clean up

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt autoremove

  3. install and configure mutt

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt-get install mutt sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir -p ~/.mutt/cache/headers sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir ~/.mutt/cache/bodies sebas@pi0alby:~ $ touch ~/.mutt/certificates sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo vi /etc/Muttrc # See /usr/share/doc/mutt/README.Debian for details. source /usr/lib/mutt/source-muttrc.d|

    Configuracio : /etc/Muttrc

    # sag 20210315 - do backup using email set from = "cdet@tinet.org" set realname = "QPatPi0" set imap_user = "cdet@tinet.org" set imap_pass = "clau" set smtp_url = "smtps://cdet@smtp.tinet.cat:465/" set smtp_pass = "clau" set folder = "imaps://imap.tinet.cat:993" set spoolfile = "+INBOX" set header_cache = "/home/my_linux_user/.mutt/cache/headers" set message_cachedir = "/home/my_linux_user/.mutt/cache/bodies" set certificate_file = "/home/my_linux_user/.mutt/certificates" set ssl_verify_host = no set ssl_verify_dates = no set mail_check = 120 set move = no set imap_keepalive = 900 set sort = threads set editor = "vi" # +++ sebas - no posar lo q enviem al fitxer "sent" set copy = no

  4. verifiquem la instalacio enviant un correu minim :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ echo "my BODY" | mutt -s "my SUBJECT" -- destinations@gmail.com

  5. adaptem llista_fitxers.txt

  6. provem de enviar i verifiquem que arriba a destinacio

  7. baixem el fitxer i verifiquem que te bon format i contingut

  8. posem a frequencia setmanal (o diaria)

    sebas@pi0alby:/etc/cron.weekly $ sudo ln -s /home/sebas/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh envia_tgz_per_email
backup del PiZero per copia directa

En un altre ordinador, as MARS, ens movem all directori de destinacio, que pot ser al USB, i donem la comanda

nicolau@mars:/carpeta/destinacio $ scp -r sebas@r0:/home/sebas/* .
PiZero reinstall + restores

N'he hagut de fes uns quants

Shut down and check the file system on reboot:

sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo shutdown -F -r now

after the RasPI is up and running again, check the results in /var/log/fsck/

reinstalació del PiZero

Aixi que :

  1. conectem la tele i el teclat amb mouse

  2. engeguem amb "Shift" i entra el NOOBS

    • instalem "full" Raspbian, amb Desktop - unes 3-4 hores : "OS installed successfully"
    • usr = "pi", pwd = "raspberry"

  3. tenim el meu codi del SCP al USB

  4. tenim els fitxers "repartits pel Linux" al GMX
reconfiguració del PiZero

  1. wifi : el conectem a GAS2

  2. IP : DHCP 192.168.1.70 - configurem IP fixe = 192.168.1.222 al fitxer /etc/dhcpcd.conf - detalls - see "man dhcpcd.conf"

    interface wlan0 static ip_address=192.168.1.222/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

  3. configurem SSH per accedir-hi via wifi - detalls :

    $ sudo systemctl enable ssh $ sudo systemctl start ssh

  4. ja podem fer \\mars $ ssh pi@192.168.1.70

  5. filesystem :

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 55G 8.2G 44G 16% /

  6. personalitzem el missatge inicial del SSH : edit /etc/ssh/sshd_banner.txt & use it in /etc/ssh/sshd_config detalls

  7. using sudo raspi-config we do

    • hostname := "pi0alby" - url

      $ sudo raspi-config 1 system options S4 hostname

    • enable I2C

  8. instalem WebMin per administrar via port 10000 : detalls, URL

    $ sudo apt install ./webmin_1.930_all.deb (16.908.762) $ netstat -plnt | grep 10000

  9. crear un usuari "sebas" i fer-lo supervisor

    sudo adduser sebas crear usuari amb directori i grup sudo adduser sebas sudo afegir usuari al super grup sudo usermod -aG video sebas used by vcgencmd tool sudo adduser sebas mail allow user to use mail

  10. match ECDSA keys :

    nicolau@mars:~$ ssh sebas@r0 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that a host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is SHA256:axqEKCWIx1VBwcWfBeHNOQj/uJ7FWJDc6kIp+jQmbaU. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending ECDSA key in /home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts:14 remove with: ssh-keygen -f "/home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts" -R "r0" ECDSA host key for r0 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. nicolau@mars:~$ ssh-keygen -f "/home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts" -R "r0" # Host r0 found: line 14 /home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts updated. Original contents retained as /home/nicolau/.ssh/known_hosts.old

  11. posar al dia el software :

    $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade $ sudo apt autoremove $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade (2 hores) We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

  12. fem quatre directoris :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir eines sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir logs sebas@pi0alby:~ $ cd logs && mkdir oldies sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir python

  13. copiem quatre fitxers :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/etc/motd /etc/motd sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/etc/Muttrc /etc/Muttrc sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/etc/ssh/* /etc/ssh/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/etc/systemd/system/* /etc/systemd/system/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/home/sebas/.bash_aliases /home/sebas/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp -r nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/home/sebas/eines/* /home/sebas/eines/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/home/sebas/logs/1_netejar.sh /home/sebas/logs/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp -r nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201018_scp/home/sebas/python/* /home/sebas/python/. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo scp nicolau@mars:/home/nicolau/sebas/rspi/backups/R0/20201023_pi0alby_email/usr/local/bin/* /usr/local/bin/.

  14. ajustem els permisos i els propietaris :

    sebas@pi0alby:~/eines $ sudo chown -R sebas.sebas * sebas@pi0alby:~/python $ sudo chown -R sebas.sebas *

  15. enviem la IP externa per email :

    sebas@pi0alby:/etc/cron.hourly $ sudo ln -s /home/sebas/eines/envia_ip.sh envia_ip_per_email

  16. engeguem tasca inicial :

    $ sudo systemctl status rpz_start $ sudo systemctl enable rpz_start $ sudo systemctl start rpz_start $ nd logs $ touch /home/sebas/logs/rpz_start.log VCHI initialization failed -> sudo usermod -aG video sebas - used by vcgencmd tool

    Eixa tasca envia un missatge al bot de Telegram

  17. fem que tambe s'envii un missatge a Telegram per crontab :

    sebas $ crontab -e # # m h dom mon dow command 02 02 * * * /home/sebas/python/telegram/msg_a_tg.sh

    Be, hi ha mes feines pel crontab

  18. engeguem tasca ping :

    $ sudo systemctl status my_ping $ sudo systemctl enable my_ping $ sudo systemctl start my_ping $ sudo systemctl status my_ping

    Comprovem que funciona :

    sebas@pi0alby:~/logs $ ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep ping sebas 859 1 0 14:46 ? 00:00:00 /bin/ping 192.168.1.1

  19. engeguem tasca bot :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo systemctl status my_bot sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo systemctl enable my_bot sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo systemctl start my_bot sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo systemctl status my_bot sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo pip3 install pyTelegramBotAPI

  20. hem de posar el python 3 :

    sebas@pi0alby:~/python/bot $ python -V Python 2.7.16

    Instalació : url

    Fem servir la versio 3 explicitament

  21. backup via email :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt-get install mutt sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir -p ~/.mutt/cache/headers sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mkdir ~/.mutt/cache/bodies sebas@pi0alby:~ $ touch ~/.mutt/certificates sebas@pi0alby:~ $ echo "my BODY" | mutt -d 5 -s "my SUBJECT" -- destinations@gmail.com # see ~/.muttdebug0

    Programem un backup setmanal per crontab :

    sebas@pi0alby:/etc/cron.weekly $ sudo ln -s /home/sebas/eines/backup/fer_backup.sh envia_tgz_per_email

  22. volem llegir els correus per si hi ha errors al crontab :

    sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mail -bash: mail: command not found sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo apt-get install mailutils // large output sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mail Cannot open mailbox /var/mail/sebas: Permission denied No mail for sebas sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mail -s "Test Subject" sebas@localhost < /dev/null // ja podem fer servir "mail" sebas@pi0alby:~ $ sudo adduser sebas mail Adding user `sebas' to group `mail' ... Adding user sebas to group mail Done. sebas@pi0alby:~ $ ls -al /var/mail total 8 drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4096 Jul 10 2019 . drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jul 10 2019 .. var/mail/sebas won't exist until it receives its first email sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mail sebas@localhost Cc: Subject: my new subject 1st line 2nd line Control-D sebas@pi0alby:~ $ mail "/var/mail/sebas": 1 message 1 new >N 1 Sebastia Tue Nov 3 22:14 16/477 my new subject ? q Held 1 message in /var/mail/sebas
PiZero amb Raspbian Lite

Torna a fallar la tarja de 64 GB, aixi que agafo una de 2 GB.

We shall use Linux documentation :

  1. run lsblk -p to see which devices are currently connected to your machine to determine "sdX" : supose it is "sdb"

    nicolau@mars:~$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda 8:0 0 232.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 232.9G 0 part / /dev/sdb 8:16 1 1.9G 0 disk ├─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 256M 0 part /media/nicolau/boot └─/dev/sdb2 8:18 1 1.5G 0 part

  2. delete the existing exFAT partition and create and format a new FAT32 (4GB file size limit) primary partition

    nicolau@mars:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb + "p" (display partition table) + "d" (delete, maybe 2 times) + "n" (new) + "p" (primary) + "w" (write and exit)

  3. run lsblk -p again

    nicolau@mars:~$ lsblk -p | grep /dev/sdb /dev/sdb 8:16 1 1.9G 0 disk └─/dev/sdb1 8:17 1 1.9G 0 part

  4. see mounted volumes

    nicolau@mars:~$ mount | grep /dev/sd /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sdb1 on /media/nicolau/boot type vfat

  5. desmuntar disc(s) muntat(s)

    nicolau@mars:~$ umount /media/nicolau/boot nicolau@mars:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdb2 nicolau@mars:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdb1

  6. crear FAT32

    nicolau@mars:~$ sudo mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb1 mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24) Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type {fdisk} /dev/sdb1 2048 3842047 3840000 1.9G 83 Linux

  7. crear punt de muntatge

    nicolau@mars:/media/nicolau$ sudo mkdir sd2gb

  8. muntar device al filesystem

    nicolau@mars:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/nicolau/sd2gb

  9. get image 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip into "Downloads" {mind it's "lite"}

    Compte : "buster" was 1,2 GB but expands into 3.963.617.280 bytes !

  10. unzip into own directory :

    nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ unzip /home/nicolau/Downloads/2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip Archive: /home/nicolau/Downloads/2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip inflating: 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img

  11. write image on SD card :

    lite raspbian, ok :

    nicolau@mars:~/sebas/rspi/op_sys$ sudo dd bs=4M if=./2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img of=/dev/sdb conv=fsync status=progress 1862270976 bytes (1.9 GB, 1.7 GiB) copied, 15 s, 123 MB/s 444+0 records in 444+0 records out 1862270976 bytes (1.9 GB, 1.7 GiB) copied, 184.009 s, 10.1 MB/s

  12. desmuntar la SD :

    nicolau@mars:~$ umount /dev/sdb1 nicolau@mars:~$ umount /dev/sdb2

  13. boot the new image - the default user name is pi, with password raspberry, and keyboard layout is UK

    Resized root filesystem. Rebooting in 5 sec. Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 raspberrypi tty1 raspberrypi login:

  14. here are the release notes

  15. configure :

    $ vi /boot/config.txt > max_usb_current=1 $ sudo raspi-config > set hostname to "Pi0" > change "pi" user password > wifi Region := "ES" + ESSID + pwd {self-reboot ?} > wifi ESSID i pass phrase > (no cal) start wifi : $ sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf > "rfkill list" > "rfkill unblock 0" - enable wifi > localization - Madrid $ df -h size used use mount /dev/root 1,6 G 1,2 GB 82 % / $ sudo systemctl enable ssh $ sudo systemctl start ssh $ sudo apt install moreutils $ ping 8.8.4.4 | ts

    Do NOT

    $ sudo raspi-config > boot to GUI > do "sudo apt-get install lightdm" to allow configuration of boot to desktop - no space left on device > dpkg interrupted, so run "sudo dpkg --configure -a" > sudo apt-get purge lightdm

  16. instalem :

    • pip

      $ sudo apt install python3-pip

    • ifaddr

      pi@pi0:~ $ python3 -m pip install ifaddr

    • psutil

      pi@pi0:~/python/tinet $ python3 -m pip install psutil

  17. dubtes :

    • where is "wpa_supplicant.conf" file located ? Crec que "/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf"
que fem amb el PiZero ?

Volem tenir :

serveis al PiZero

Els poso de "usuari", es a dir, a "~/.config/systemd/user/"

serveis de engegada

Definim el entorn del servei :

pi@raspberrypi:~/.config/systemd/user $ cat pizero_start.service [Unit] Description=Servei de engegada del PiZero (v 1.a) Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target [Service] Type=simple Restart=no WorkingDirectory=/home/pi/eines ExecStart=/home/pi/eines/pizero_start_job.sh StandardOutput=syslog StandardError=syslog SyslogIdentifier=pizero_start # User=pi --- "user service" requires not to have this sentence Environment=NODE_ENV=production [Install] WantedBy=default.target

Implementem el servei :

pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ cat pizero_start_job.sh #!/bin/bash myLog="/home/pi/logs/engegades.log" date_name=`date +"Y%y/M%m/D%d"` time_name=`date +"h%H:m%M"` szTs="[$HOSTNAME] $date_name - $time_name" szId="+++ +++ +++ ($szTs) ($0) from /home/pi/eines/pizero_start_job.sh" # timestamp system start at own log file echo "$szId" >> $myLog # trace in /var/log/syslog logger -i -p user.info $szId exit 0

Quatre comandes mes

pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ touch /home/pi/logs/engegades.log # crear el fitxer buid pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ systemctl --user enable pizero_start.service # activar el servei pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ systemctl --user start pizero_start.service # engegar el servei pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ systemctl --user cat pizero_start.service # llistar el contingut del servei pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ systemctl --user daemon-reload # despres de canviar el servei cal recarregar pi@raspberrypi:~/eines $ systemctl --user status pizero_start.service # veure el estat del servei
PiZero - command line only

Deixem el Pi_0 sense GUI (com es fa aixo ?)

Si volem configurar el wifi (as Belkin or b22 or Masmovil), fem servir sudo raspi-config :

PiZero - nodeJS per PKW

See NodeSource GitHub page to find latest version (18.0 at 20220626)

pi@pi0:~ $ curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | bash - ## Installing the NodeSource Node.js 18.x repo... ## You appear to be running on ARMv6 hardware. Unfortunately this is not currently supported by the NodeSource Linux distributions. Please use the 'linux-armv6l' binary tarballs available directly from nodejs.org for Node.js 4 and later.

Ho fem a ma, com abans :

pi@pi0:~/soft $ curl -o node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v11.x/node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz pi@pi0:~/soft $ tar -xzf node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l.tar.gz pi@pi0:~/soft $ sudo cp -r node-v11.15.0-linux-armv6l/* /usr/local/ pi@pi0:~/soft $ which node /usr/local/bin/node pi@pi0:~/soft $ node -v v11.15.0
PiZero Javier

Enviar mensaje SMS a un movil indicando geolocalizacion

Esquema :

[ panel solar ] - 10 W, 18 V {25 €} | [ regulador ] - Thlevel 30 A {20 €} | [ bateria ] - | [ conversor 12 a 5 ] - 7805 | [ raspberry ] [ 4 ] - R4 {140 €} [ zero W ] - Pi Zero W, 2017 {25 €} [ zero 2W ] - Pi Zero 2W {41 €} | [ HAT ] [ SIM 7600 ] - SIM 7600 {90 €} [ SIM 868 ] - GSM/GPRS/GNSS/Bluetooth HAT {32 €} based on SIM 868 | [ SIM ] -
Power requirements

how to send a SMS - 4G HAT

HAT expansion boards = Hardware Attached on Top

SIM7600 vs SIM868

By support@waveshare.com

Conclusion : use SIM7600 to access a 4G mobile network, not SIM868 as it is 2G

Lletres al SIM7600

For different regions, we provide multiple LTE Cat-4/Cat-1 HATs to choose from:

Please check the supported bands according to your local service provider, select the proper one when placing order.

The biggest difference between LTE CAT1 and CAT4 is the data rate. While CAT1 offers a maximum of 10 Mbps downlink and 5 Mbps uplink, the LTE CAT4 offers a maximum of 150 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink.

3g dongle

If we have a router near enough, we can connect to it using a 3G modem

modem GSM "ZTE MF190" 3G en
Amazon : 48 €

enviar SMS usando ZTE MF190 : hristo borisov

Solar charge controller

FV input < 50 V

dimensionament de la bateria

Condicions ;

postes ja existents i empreses

Test bed

Tinc :

Poste version 1

Esquema :

.---------. .-------------. .--------. | | | | .------------. | | | panel | ----- | | ----- | pulsador | ----- | llum | | solar | ----- | regulador | .------------. | i | | | | | | so | | | | | -------------------------- | | .---------. .-------------. .--------. | | | | .-------------. | | | bateria | | | .-------------.

Components :

[ caixa ] - Legrand 0 921 96 ; plexo IP55 ; 31 x 24 x 13 cm {85 €} - també a Diotronic [ panel solar ] - Enjoy Solar 10 W, 18 V ; 30,4 x 27 x 1,8 centímetros ; 1 Kg {25 €} | [ regulador ] - Thlevel 30 A ; 13,8 x 8,1 x 4,2 cm ; 150 gr {20 €} | [ bateria ] - Master U-Power UP - batería plomo AGM 7 Ah 12 V ; 15,1 x 6,5 x 9,9 cm ; 1,88 kilogramos {14 €} - LifePo4 - bateria fosfato de hierro y litio BMS, 12 V 6 Ah, más de 10000 ciclos profundos {30 €} | [ pulsador ] - Eaton 216522 - IP67/IP69K {29 €} | [ luz y sonido ] - Tangxi hgt1soa6x7 - sirena estroboscópica, 110 dB, 12 V, 300 mA {14 €} Roberee 9w0cgom4q8 - sirena estroboscópica, 120 dB, 12 V, 500 mA, 15 W {13 €} luz estroboscopica : 220 v, 12 v [ cable ] -

La energía se refiere a la capacidad de un sistema para realizar trabajo, mientras que la potencia se refiere a la rapidez con la que se realiza dicho trabajo.
La energía se mide en julios (J), mientras que la potencia se mide en vatios (W).

Fem 4 números ...

Misc URLs

PiZero MTV

20200620, 35 € amason.es {no disponible 2023}

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Links

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