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Ni olvido ni perdón - Margarita Nelken.

Linux booting process

Red Hat

init and /etc/inittab

As the init man page states, init is the father of all processes. Its primary role is to create processes by parsing /etc/inittab and running scripts in /etc/rc.d according to either a default or desired runlevel. Each script can start or stop a service, such as a networking, mail, news, or Web service. In general, the scripts under /etc/rc.d/init.d are designed to respond to commands of the following form :

     script { start | stop | status | restart }

as apache (http server), or inetd (internet super server), but providing its name without parameters shall display the allowed options, as

 [sebas@mitp init.d] inetd
 Usage: inetd {start|stop|status|restart|reload}

Caution : some commands require a special SIG to perform certain actions, as inetd. killall -1 inetd sends a SIGHUP signal to inetd to re-read its configuration file.

/etc/inittab and System States

One of the most important scripts in /etc/inittab is rc.sysinit, the system initialization script.
Here you can find the "Welcome to Red Hat Linux" message. It also does :

sets some initial $PATH variables

configures networking

starts swapping for virtual memory

sets the system hostname

checks root filesystems for possible repairs

checks root filesystems quotas

turns on user and group quotas for root filesystems

remounts the root filesystems read/write

clears the mounted filesystems table /etc/mtab

enters the root filesystem into mtab

readies the system for loading modules

finds module dependencies

checks filesystems for possible repairs

mounts all other filesystems

clears out several /etc files : /etc/mtab, /etc/fastboot, and /etc/nologin

deletes UUCP lock files

deletes stale subsystem files

deletes stale pid files

sets the system clock

turns on swapping

initializes the serial ports

loads modules

After the rc.sysinit is run by init, init runs rc.local.

The next init task is to run the scripts for each runlevel. The real scripts are placed under /etc/rc.d/init.d directory, and symbolic links are set in /etc/rc.d/rcN.d directory, where "N" is the runlevel. The symbolic links are numbered to run in the proper order and to start or stop services that might be interdependent.

Run levels

See /etc/inittab and man runlevel, man init, man inittab.
id:3:initdefault: selecciona que l'arrencada quedi a nivell 3.

0 used to halt the system
1 single user mode
2 multiuser, without NFS
3 full multiuser mode
4 unused
5 X11
6 used to reboot the system

RedHat runlevel 0 : /etc/rc.d/rc0.d

SuSE boot specifics

Under 6.4, booting starts under control of /etc/inittab, but immediatelly gives control to /sbin/init.d/boot, that will also call the user selection detailed in /sbin/init.d/boot.local, and the rest of /sbin/init.d/rc N, being N in the range (0 thru 6).
After SuSE 8.1, the system startup scripts that used to be in /etc/rc.d have their equivalent files in /etc/init.d - see /etc/init.d/README and /sbin/init.d.README - according to the LSB, Linux Standard Base specs. See the SuSE Linux manual, in /docu on the first CDROM, or in package books.rpm

[8.2] /sbin/init uses configuration in /etc/inittab.

 # The default runlevel is defined here
 id:5:initdefault:

 # First script to be executed, if not booting in emergency (-b) mode
 si::bootwait:/etc/init.d/boot

 # /etc/init.d/rc takes care of runlevel handling
 l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
 l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1
 l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2
 l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3
 #l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4
 l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5
 l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6

 # what to do in single-user mode
 ls:S:wait:/etc/init.d/rc S
 ~~:S:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

/sbin/init calls /etc/initd/boot, that calls all scripts in /etc/initd/boot.d and /etc/initd/boot.local
switches to run level specified in /etc/inittab
calls /etc/init.d/rc scripts in /etc/init.d/rc<N>.d

{ from /sbin/init.d.README }

linux8.2:/etc/init.d/boot.d # dir

 S01boot.proc                 -> ../boot.proc
 S01setserial                 -> ../setserial
 S02boot.md                   -> ../boot.md
 S03boot.lvm                  -> ../boot.lvm
 S04boot.localfs              -> ../boot.localfs
 S05boot.crypto               -> ../boot.crypto
 S05boot.loadmodules          -> ../boot.loadmodules
 S05boot.scpm                 -> ../boot.scpm
 S06boot.idedma               -> ../boot.idedma
 S06boot.restore_permissions  -> ../boot.restore_permissions
 S06boot.swap                 -> ../boot.swap
 S07boot.clock                -> ../boot.clock
 S08boot.quota                -> ../boot.quota
 S09boot.ldconfig             -> ../boot.ldconfig
 S10boot.isapnp               -> ../boot.isapnp
 S10boot.localnet             -> ../boot.localnet
 S11boot.ipconfig             -> ../boot.ipconfig
 S11boot.klog                 -> ../boot.klog

To start a new service, start with /etc/init.d/skeleton and use insserv !

SuSE run levels

Matches LSB.

0 halt
1 single user
2 no remote networking
3 with network
4 unused
5 network + xdm
6 reboot

SuSE runlevel 0 : /etc/init.d/rc0.d

 S20halt -> ../halt

SuSE runlevel S : /etc/init.d/rcS.d

 K01single -> ../single
 K09splash -> ../splash
 S12kbd    -> ../kbd
 S12splash -> ../splash
 S20single -> ../single

SuSE runlevel 1 : /etc/init.d/rc1.d

 K01single  -> ../single
 K09splash  -> ../splash
 K10fbset   -> ../fbset
 K14hotplug -> ../hotplug
 S07hotplug -> ../hotplug
 S11fbset   -> ../fbset
 S12kbd     -> ../kbd
 S12splash  -> ../splash
 S20single  -> ../single

SuSE runlevel 2 : /etc/init.d/rc2.d

 K08hwscan          -> ../hwscan
 K09splash          -> ../splash
 K09splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 K10cron            -> ../cron
 K10fbset           -> ../fbset
 K11smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 K12splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 K13resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 K14hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 K15syslog          -> ../syslog
 K16network         -> ../network
 K20alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 K20atd             -> ../atd
 K20isdn            -> ../isdn
 K20random          -> ../random
 K20rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S01alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 S01atd             -> ../atd
 S01isdn            -> ../isdn
 S01random          -> ../random
 S01rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S05network         -> ../network
 S06syslog          -> ../syslog
 S07hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 S08resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 S09splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 S10smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 S11cron            -> ../cron
 S11fbset           -> ../fbset
 S12kbd             -> ../kbd
 S12splash          -> ../splash
 S12splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 S13hwscan          -> ../hwscan

SuSE runlevel 3 : /etc/init.d/rc3.d

 K08hwscan          -> ../hwscan
 K09splash          -> ../splash
 K09splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 K10cron            -> ../cron
 K10fbset           -> ../fbset
 K11nscd            -> ../nscd
 K11postfix         -> ../postfix
 K11smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 K12portmap         -> ../portmap
 K12smbfs           -> ../smbfs
 K12splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 K12sshd            -> ../sshd
 K13resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 K14hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 K15syslog          -> ../syslog
 K16network         -> ../network
 K20alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 K20atd             -> ../atd
 K20isdn            -> ../isdn
 K20random          -> ../random
 K20rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S01alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 S01atd             -> ../atd
 S01isdn            -> ../isdn
 S01random          -> ../random
 S01rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S05network         -> ../network
 S06syslog          -> ../syslog
 S07hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 S08resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 S09portmap         -> ../portmap
 S09smbfs           -> ../smbfs
 S09splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 S09sshd            -> ../sshd
 S10nscd            -> ../nscd
 S10postfix         -> ../postfix
 S10smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 S11cron            -> ../cron
 S11fbset           -> ../fbset
 S12kbd             -> ../kbd
 S12splash          -> ../splash
 S12splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 S13hwscan          -> ../hwscan

SuSE runlevel 4 : /etc/init.d/rc4.d

     < empty >

SuSE runlevel 5 : /etc/init.d/rc5.d

 K07xdm             -> ../xdm
 K08hwscan          -> ../hwscan
 K09splash          -> ../splash
 K09splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 K10cron            -> ../cron
 K10fbset           -> ../fbset
 K11nscd            -> ../nscd
 K11postfix         -> ../postfix
 K11smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 K12portmap         -> ../portmap
 K12smbfs           -> ../smbfs
 K12splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 K12sshd            -> ../sshd
 K13resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 K14hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 K15syslog          -> ../syslog
 K16network         -> ../network
 K20alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 K20atd             -> ../atd
 K20isdn            -> ../isdn
 K20random          -> ../random
 K20rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S01alsasound       -> ../alsasound
 S01atd             -> ../atd
 S01isdn            -> ../isdn
 S01random          -> ../random
 S01rpmconfigcheck  -> ../rpmconfigcheck
 S05network         -> ../network
 S06syslog          -> ../syslog
 S07hotplug         -> ../hotplug
 S08resmgr          -> ../resmgr
 S09portmap         -> ../portmap
 S09smbfs           -> ../smbfs
 S09splash_early    -> ../splash_early
 S09sshd            -> ../sshd
 S10nscd            -> ../nscd
 S10postfix         -> ../postfix
 S10smpppd          -> ../smpppd
 S11cron            -> ../cron
 S11fbset           -> ../fbset
 S12kbd             -> ../kbd
 S12splash          -> ../splash
 S12splash_late     -> ../splash_late
 S13hwscan          -> ../hwscan
 S14xdm             -> ../xdm
 S90apache2         -> ../apache2

SuSE runlevel 6 : /etc/init.d/rc6.d

 S20reboot -> ../reboot

Debian way

First of all, we find /etc/rcN.d, with N in [0..6, S]. Also, there is inittab !

 # /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.
 # $Id: inittab,v 1.8 1998/05/10 10:37:50 miquels Exp $

 # The default runlevel.
 id:2:initdefault:

 # Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.
 # This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.
 si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

See own Debian page

Run levels

0 halt
1 single user
2-5 multiuser
6 reboot

Debian runlevel 0 : /etc/rc0.d

 K11cron         -> ../init.d/cron
 K12kerneld      -> ../init.d/kerneld
 K14ppp          -> ../init.d/ppp
 K20inetd        -> ../init.d/inetd
 K20logoutd      -> ../init.d/logoutd
 K20makedev      -> ../init.d/makedev
 K20samba        -> ../init.d/samba
 K20ssh          -> ../init.d/ssh
 K25hwclock.sh   -> ../init.d/hwclock.sh
 K30setserial    -> ../init.d/setserial
 K89atd          -> ../init.d/atd
 K90sysklogd     -> ../init.d/sysklogd
 S10portmap      -> ../init.d/portmap
 S20sendsigs     -> ../init.d/sendsigs
 S30urandom      -> ../init.d/urandom
 S31umountnfs.sh -> ../init.d/umountnfs.sh
 S35networking   -> ../init.d/networking
 S40umountfs     -> ../init.d/umountfs
 S90halt         -> ../init.d/halt

Debian runlevel S : /etc/rcS.d

 S05keymaps-lct.sh    -> ../init.d/keymaps-lct.sh
 S10checkroot.sh      -> ../init.d/checkroot.sh
 S15isapnp            -> ../init.d/isapnp
 S20modutils          -> ../init.d/modutils
 S30checkfs.sh        -> ../init.d/checkfs.sh
 S30procps.sh         -> ../init.d/procps.sh
 S30setserial         -> ../init.d/setserial
 S35devpts.sh         -> ../init.d/devpts.sh
 S35mountall.sh       -> ../init.d/mountall.sh
 S39dns-clean         -> ../init.d/dns-clean
 S40hostname.sh       -> ../init.d/hostname.sh
 S40networking        -> ../init.d/networking
 S40pump              -> ../init.d/pump
 S41portmap           -> ../init.d/portmap
 S45mountnfs.sh       -> ../init.d/mountnfs.sh
 S48console-screen.sh -> ../init.d/console-screen.sh
 S50hwclock.sh        -> ../init.d/hwclock.sh
 S55bootmisc.sh       -> ../init.d/bootmisc.sh
 S55urandom           -> ../init.d/urandom
 S70nviboot           -> ../init.d/nviboot

Debian runlevel 1 : /etc/rc1.d

 K11cron     -> ../init.d/cron
 K12kerneld  -> ../init.d/kerneld
 K14ppp      -> ../init.d/ppp
 K20inetd    -> ../init.d/inetd
 K20logoutd  -> ../init.d/logoutd
 K20makedev  -> ../init.d/makedev
 K20samba    -> ../init.d/samba
 K20ssh      -> ../init.d/ssh
 K89atd      -> ../init.d/atd
 K90sysklogd -> ../init.d/sysklogd
 S20single   -> ../init.d/single

Debian runlevel 2 : /etc/rc2.d

 S10sysklogd  -> ../init.d/sysklogd
 S12kerneld   -> ../init.d/kerneld
 S14ppp       -> ../init.d/ppp
 S20inetd     -> ../init.d/inetd
 S20logoutd   -> ../init.d/logoutd
 S20makedev   -> ../init.d/makedev
 S20samba     -> ../init.d/samba
 S20ssh       -> ../init.d/ssh
 S89atd       -> ../init.d/atd
 S89cron      -> ../init.d/cron
 S99rmnologin -> ../init.d/rmnologin

3 i 4 i 5 : IGUALS !

Debian runlevel 6 : /etc/rc6.d

 K11cron         -> ../init.d/cron
 K12kerneld      -> ../init.d/kerneld
 K14ppp          -> ../init.d/ppp
 K20inetd        -> ../init.d/inetd
 K20logoutd      -> ../init.d/logoutd
 K20makedev      -> ../init.d/makedev
 K20samba        -> ../init.d/samba
 K20ssh          -> ../init.d/ssh
 K25hwclock.sh   -> ../init.d/hwclock.sh
 K30setserial    -> ../init.d/setserial
 K89atd          -> ../init.d/atd
 K90sysklogd     -> ../init.d/sysklogd
 S10portmap      -> ../init.d/portmap
 S20sendsigs     -> ../init.d/sendsigs
 S30urandom      -> ../init.d/urandom
 S31umountnfs.sh -> ../init.d/umountnfs.sh
 S35networking   -> ../init.d/networking
 S40umountfs     -> ../init.d/umountfs
 S90reboot       -> ../init.d/reboot

Window manager startup

Suse 8.2

/etc/init.d/rc5.d/S16xdm -> /etc/init.d/xdm

/etc/init.d/xdm has "SAGSAG+++" message, found in /var/log/boot.msg if /etc/inittab contains id:5:initdefault:

Debian / Linex

/etc/rc2.d/S99gdm -> /etc/init.d/gdm

Networking startup

Use ifconfig -a
No PCMCIA ? /etc/modules.conf "alias"
No PCMCIA ? /etc/modules.conf "alias"

Red Hat

In /etc/rc.d/rc2.d we can find S10network, a symbolic link to /etc/rc.d/init.d/network, that will activate the network, using ifup.

Files involved

/sbin/ifup eth0 boot : Calls ifconfig with the parameters
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts : file ifcfg-eth0 selects (ONBOOT="yes") if the interface has to be activated at boot time.
/etc/modules.conf : Assigns an alias (as eth0) to the driver (as tulip_cb in TP760).

SuSE

Files involved

/etc/rc.d is a link to /etc/init.d
/etc/init.d/rc3.d/S05network (also in rc2.d and rc5.d) is a link to /etc/init.d/network
a /etc/init.d/network poso "SAGSAG+++" i ho trobo a /var/log/boot.[o]msg
/etc/init.d/network uses /etc/sysconfig/network configuration scripts.

[P4]

YAST2 diu :

   MYSON Surecom EP-320X-S 100/10 M Ethernet PCI Adapter

lspci -v shows

 02.0c.0 Ethernet controller: MYSON Technology Inc. Surecom EP-320X-S 100/10 M Ethernet PCI Adapter.
         Subsystem: MYSON Technology Inc. Surecom EP-320X-S 100/10 M Ethernet PCI Adapter.
         Flags: Bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 9.
         I/O ports at D800 [size=256]
         Memory at FF.9F.F8.00 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1k]
         Expansion ROM at FF.9E.00.00 [disabled] [size=64k]
         Capabilities: [88] Power Management version 2.

in /etc/modules.conf we have
```
   alias eth0 fealnx
    
```
rigth after include /etc/modules.conf.local, in "aliases - specify your hardware".

in /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 we have

 BOOTPROTO='static'
 MTU=''
 REMOTE_IPADDR=''
 UNIQUE='60go.2q-DfY425t8'
 WIRELESS='no'
 BROADCAST='192.168.0.255'
 IPADDR='192.168.0.1'
 NETMASK='255.255.255.0'
 NETWORK='192.168.0.0'

lsmod, as /proc/modules
```
   fealnx 10672 1
   mii     2304 0 [fealnx]
    
```
que el podem trobar a
- /lib/modules/2.4.20-4GB/kernel/drivers/net/fealnx.o
- /usr/src/linux-2.4.20.SuSE/drivers/net/fealnx.c
- /var/log/messages : Linux kernel: fealnx.c: v 2.51 nov-17-2001

[TP760]

in /etc/pcmcia/config we have

   device "tulip_cb"
    class "network" module "cb_enabler", "tulip_cb"

and also

   card "IBM 10/100 EtherJet CardBus"
   manfid 0x00a4, 0x0113
   bind "tulip"

in /etc/modules.conf we have
```
   alias eth-pcmcia-0 xircom_cb
    
```

Debian - Linex

A /etc/init.d/networking tinc "+++ SAGSAG +++", que no surt enlloc de /var/log.
Raó : no s'engega la xarxa : ifconfig -a
Només es a L0 i L6 ( i surt en pantalla el missatge, al engegar o parar la màquina ).

Si donc ifconfig eth0 1.2.3.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 1.2.3.255, diu no existe tal dispositivo.
On es el YAST2 ???

/etc/init.d/networking uses /etc/network/interfaces Abans hi tenia

  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback

lspci -v output is

 02.0c.0 Ethernet controller: MYSON Technology Inc. Unknown device 0803.

Trobo que tinc [Linex + P4]

 /lib/modules/2.4.20/kernel/drivers/net/fealnx.o

Acció :

modprobe fealnx - resultat OK

lsmod mostra

    fealnx 10504 0 (unused)
    mii     2224 0 [fealnx]

ifconfig -a - hi ha eth0 pero sense IP [1]
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 - resultat OK

lsmod mostra

    fealnx 10504 1
    mii     2224 0 [fealnx]

ifconfig -a - hi ha eth0, ara amb IP [2]
ping 1.2.3.2 - resultat OK

Fix :

/etc/modules.conf - put alias eth0 fealnx
A la versió final, s'ha de fer a /etc/modutils/aliases i cridar update-modules per crear modules.conf. See man update-modules

/etc/network/interfaces - posar-hi [Albert]

 iface eth0 inet static
 address 192.168.0.1
 network 192.168.0.0
 netmask 255.255.255.0

/etc/modules - posar-hi [Albert]
```
 fealnx
  
```

Debian net cfg Albert P4

/etc/modules.conf alias eth0 fealnx

/etc/modules pcnet32 fealnx (got [1])

/etc/network/interfaces iface eth0 inet dhcp iface eth0 inet static (got [2])

Debian net cfg	Albert	P4
/etc/modules.conf		alias eth0 fealnx
/etc/modules	pcnet32	fealnx (got [1])
/etc/network/interfaces	iface eth0 inet dhcp	iface eth0 inet static (got [2])

Modules are loadable device drivers.

Who uses /etc/modules ?
Andreas at Google groups says : Modules from /etc/modules are loaded by /etc/init.d/modutils script using the modprobe command. During boot, it is executed through the symlink /etc/rcS.d/S20modutils
Other tools to use : modconf [Debian], ethtool, mii-diag [.], mii-tool

Franzis [9.137.152.233] /var/log/kern.log [last lines]

 franzis kernel: pcnet32.c: PCI bios is present, checking for devices...
 franzis kernel: PCI Master Bit has not been set. Setting...
 franzis kernel: Found PCnet/PCI at 0x1080, irq 11.
 franzis kernel: eth0: PCnet/PCI II 79C970A at 0x1080, 00 50 56 66 32 d9 assigned IRQ 11.
 franzis kernel: pcnet32.c:v1.25kf 26.9.1999 tsbogend@alpha.franken.de
 franzis kernel: PCI Master Bit has not been set. Setting...
 franzis kernel: Found PCnet/PCI at 0x10a0, irq 10.
 franzis kernel: eth1: PCnet/PCI II 79C970A at 0x10a0, 00 50 56 66 32 da assigned IRQ 10.
 franzis kernel: pcnet32.c:v1.25kf 26.9.1999 tsbogend@alpha.franken.de

Shell startup

Types of shells in Bash [Suse 8.2] :

login shell -> read ~/.profile
normal shell
interactive shell -> read ~/.bashrc

X11 + Suse 8.2 :

L5 + Terminal + root : /root/.bashrc
L5 + Terminal + sebas : /etc/profile & /etc/profile.local -> ~/.bashrc

Resum

	SuSE 8.2	Linex
inittab	id:5:initdefault ls:S:wait:/etc/init.d/rc S si::bootwait:/etc/init.d/boot	id:2:initdefault ~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
boot scripts	/etc/init.d/rc	/etc/init.d/rc & rcS
scripts	/etc/init.d	/etc/init.d
local boot scripts	/etc/init.d/boot.local	/etc/init.d/rc.boot ?
init.d description	/etc/init.d/README	/usr/share/doc/sysvinit/README
1st script on system startup si in inittab	/etc/init.d/boot starts all scripts in /etc/init.d/boot.d/* gives control to /etc/init.d/boot.local	/etc/init.s/rcS starts all scripts in /etc/rcS.d/* gives control to /etc/init.d/rc "2" starts all scripts in /etc/rc2.d/*
net cfg [IP @]	/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0	/etc/network/interfaces
net driver	/etc/modules.conf alias eth0 fealnx	/etc/modules fealnx
+++SAGSAG+++	/etc/init.d/apache2 boot.local halt.local network xdm { /var/log/boot.msg }	/etc/init.d/modutils networking { < nope > }

0	used to halt the system
1	single user mode
2	multiuser, without NFS
3	full multiuser mode
4	unused
5	X11
6	used to reboot the system

0	halt
1	single user
2	no remote networking
3	with network
4	unused
5	network + xdm
6	reboot

Linux booting process

Red Hat

init and /etc/inittab

/etc/inittab and System States

Run levels

RedHat runlevel 0 : /etc/rc.d/rc0.d

SuSE boot specifics

SuSE run levels

SuSE runlevel 0 : /etc/init.d/rc0.d

SuSE runlevel S : /etc/init.d/rcS.d

SuSE runlevel 1 : /etc/init.d/rc1.d

SuSE runlevel 2 : /etc/init.d/rc2.d

SuSE runlevel 3 : /etc/init.d/rc3.d

SuSE runlevel 4 : /etc/init.d/rc4.d

SuSE runlevel 5 : /etc/init.d/rc5.d

SuSE runlevel 6 : /etc/init.d/rc6.d

Debian way

Run levels

Debian runlevel 0 : /etc/rc0.d

Debian runlevel S : /etc/rcS.d

Debian runlevel 1 : /etc/rc1.d

Debian runlevel 2 : /etc/rc2.d

Debian runlevel 6 : /etc/rc6.d

Window manager startup

Suse 8.2

Debian / Linex

Networking startup

Red Hat

Files involved

SuSE

Files involved

Debian - Linex

Shell startup

Resum

Links