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Acrònims, noms, projectes :
parafernàlia de Linux, WWW, etc

  • a2ps - ASCII to PostScript.
  • ACP - Advanced Communications Processor - mwave modem.
  • AFK - Away From Keyboard.
  • ALSA - Advanced Linux Sound Architecture. Here's their home page.
  • anaconda - Red Hat (7.1) installation program. He tingut problemes amb el famós "signal 11", ja que volia posar els 1000 MB del Linux en una partició de 20 MB.
  • Apache - "the most widely used Web server on the Internet". Group's Web site.
  • applet - an applet is a program written in Java that can be included in an HTML page. See description.
  • ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. Convierte direcciones IP en direcciones de máquina física. Para obtener esta información, usa el recurso de difusión. Las entradas de la tabla ARP (arp -a) se eliminan si no se han utilizado durante 20 minutos.
    "Used to determine the destination MAC address of a host using its known IP address".
  • ASP - Active Server Pages
  • awk = "language for processing files of text", wiki.
  • balsa - the GNOME mail program.
  • bash - the Bourne Again shell. To know what shell you have, type echo $SHELL and you probably get /bin/bash.
  • beaconing - a beacon frame (MAC, management frame) is sent by a station indicating it has detected a break in the (token, 802.5) ring, this is, when the station fails to see a token after a set period of time while token claiming. During the beaconing process,one or more stations transmit beacon frames until the ring is again intact. All stations refrain from transmitting data during beaconing. May be due to ana adapter using a wrong data rate.
  • BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Domain.
  • bluetooth - short-range wireless communication industry specification that allows portable, personal devices to interact with each other and other stationary devices. At IBM. Home page.
  • BOOTP - uses connectionless transport layer User Datagram Protocol (UDP). BOOTP allows the BOOTP client to get its IP address from a BOOTP server.
  • cadaver - command-line WebDAV client. WebDAV stands for "Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning". Home page.
  • CCVS - Credit Card Verification System.
  • CDDB - Compact Disc Data Base. Service that allows to display the artist, title, track list and other music-related information in an application.
    Used by CD-Extractor (1.20), WinAmp (2.80), etc
  • CGI-BIN - Common Gateway Interface - Binary.
  • COAS - Caldera Open Administration System. Home page.
  • CORBA - Common Object Request Broker Architecture. UNIX and Linux option (with Java) instead of COM to achieve cross-platform technology. CORBA is a mechanism that allows applications to invoke methods that will execute on remote systems.
  • CSS - Content Scrambling System. Encryption used for movie DVDs. DeCSS is a small piece of software that breaks the CSS encryption and allows the reading of encrypted DVDs. Some entry point.

    Also, Cascading Style Sheets. Home page.

  • Cygwin - Cygnus + GNU + Windows. UNIX environment, developed by Red Hat, for Windows. Home page.
  • daemon - program running in non-interactive mode.
  • DeCSS - De-Contents Scramble System.
  • DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Red Hat documentation on DHCP. HowTo.
  • DNS - Domain Name Service.
  • DoS - Denial of Service.
  • DPMS - Display Power Management Signaling.
  • DTD - document type definition. See HTML definition.
  • DVD - Digital Versatile Disc. FAQ !
  • ELF - Executabls Linking Format.
  • Emacs - powerful, customizable, self-documenting and modeless text editor. Enter the Emacs-Ring.
  • gdb - source level debugger. Kernel.
  • freeBSD - advanced O.S., derived from BSD Unix. Home. El culpable torna a ser en Albert.
  • ghostscript - PostScript interpreter.
  • GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program. Es l'equivalent del Adobe Photoshop. Tutorial i pseudo-home page. Real Home page.
  • GNOME - GNU Network Object Model Environment, an easy to use windows-based environment, with tools, libraries and components to develop applications on Linux. Home page.
    Interesting items :
  • GNU - recursive acronym for "GNU's not Unix". Project launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system which is free software : the GNU system. Home page.
  • GPSIM - PIC simulator. Home page.
  • GRUB - Grand Unified Boot Loader. Multiboot boot loader.
  • GSM - Global System for Mobile communications.
  • GTK - GIMP ToolKit. Set of Widgets (like Motif) used by many open-sourced programs, such as Nessus. Home page.
  • HTML - HyperText Markup Language. Here are the specs HTML for beginners. Hosting facts
  • Hurd - a set of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel. Home page.
  • ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol. Se utiliza para informar de los errores que se producen durante el proceso de los datagramas IP.
    Allows hosts to send error or control messages to other hosts. ICMP is a required part of IP. For example, the ping command uses ICMP echo requests to test if a destination is alive and reachable.
  • ICQ - .
  • IMAP - Internet Mail Access Protocol. Improvement to POP3 :
  • user can have multiple folders on the server
  • keeps the state of the messages in the mailboxes
  • IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identifier.
    Try "*#06#" on your GSM phone.
  • IP - Internet Protocol. Suite used to send IP datagram packets between nodes on the Internet.
  • ipchains - linux kernel packet filtering system (firewall). See this book, chapter 14 (page 500 and on). To know if your kernel has it installed, look for the file /proc/net/ipfwchains. If it exists, you're in.
  • isax - Improved SuSE Advanced XF86-configuration.
  • J2EE - Java 2 Enterprise Edition. Home. J2EET platform advertises platform independence. See also ".NET".
  • JSP - Java Server Pages.
  • JVM - Java Virtual Machine.
  • Kerberos - network authentication protocol.
  • KDE - K Desktop Environment. Open Source network transparent graphical desktop environment for UNIX workstations. Home page. See also Gnome.
  • Kylix - Borland Delphi and C++Builder for Linux. Home page. Mind the minumum requirements : 400 MHz Pentium II, 128 MB RAM, 225 MB hard disk space, Red Hat 7.1 or SuSE 7.2
  • LBA - Logical Block Addressing. Method used with disk drives to translate the cylindre, head, ans sector specifications (C/H/S) of the drive into addresses that can be used by an enhanced BIOS. Allows BIOS to access drives with capacities greater than 528 M bytes.
  • LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. A set of protocols for accessing information directories. LDAP is based on the standards contained within the X.500 standard, but is significantly simpler. LDAP supports TCP/IP, allowing for any type of Internet access. It is commonly used for address books and in user authentication.
  • LDP - Linux Documentation Project.
  • licq - multi-threaded ICQ (messaging system) clone.
  • lilo - Linux Loader.
  • Lilux - the O.S. of the future.
    All ISO images here.
  • lisa - Caldera (2.4) system maintenance program. See hardware, install software, configure net, etc.
  • LiVid - Linux Video. DVD player for Linux. Allow fast-forwarding through commercials, and copying for educational purposes.
  • LuCAS - Linux en castellano. Home.
  • lpd - Line Printer Daemon.
  • lynx - text-based WWW browser. Home.
  • Lyx - document processor. Uses LaTex in the background. Home page.
  • MBR - Master Boot Record. There is one Master Boot Record for each physical hard drive (first cylinder of the disk drive), and one Boot Record for each logical drive (first cylinder of the active partition). Have a look at Partition How-To.
  • mesa - 3-D graphics library which uses the OpenGL API.
  • micq - ICQ clone for the console.
  • MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
  • Motif - toolkit of source headers, libraries, a windows manager (mwm), demostration programs and manual pages, that provide the tools to build consistent, usable and portable programs for the X Window System.
  • mozilla - Web browser for X11.
  • mutt - small but powerful text-based mail client.
  • NAT - Network Address Translation. As masquerading, port forwarding, etc. See description.
  • nessus - remote security scanner. Home page.
  • .NET - tools needed to buil Web services based on XML. .NET advertises language independence. See also "J2EE".
    Ed Bradford points : "Microsoft .NET is a set of Microsoft software technologies for connecting your world of information, people, systems, and devices."
    • Servers
    • Framework
    • Tools
    • Services
  • NFS - Network File System. Used to share disks between Linux'es, as Samba in Linux to Windows. FAQs HOWTO
  • NIS - Network Information System.
  • nmap - port scanner, network exploration tool and security scanner. Home page. Compte amb els pre-requisits (gtk 1.2, nmap 2.52).
  • nmh - enhanced version of the MH electronic mail system.
  • NNTP - Network News Transport Protocol. Aquí tens el RFC.
  • ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity. It is an API that allows a programmer to abstract a program from a database. Explicat per uS i unes FAQ
  • openjade - implementation of DSSSL (Document Style Semantics and Specification Language). The DSSSL engine inputs an SGML or XML document and can output a variety of formats : RTF, TeX, MIF (FrameMaker), SGML or XML.
  • OSP - .
  • PAM - Pluggable Authentication Module. Facility to provide all authentication, authorization and resource control services.
  • PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association.
  • perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language.
    High-level programming language, with roots in C, sed, awk and shell scripting.
  • PGP - Pretty Good Privacy. Homepage. En tenim a Tinet
  • PHP - PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Yes, the first word of the acronym is the acronym. It is a server-side, cross-platform, HTML embedded scripting language. Intro, tutorial, manual, etc. Resources page. Internal manual.
    PHP rival is ASP.
  • pine - a Program for Internet News and Email, with address book.
  • ping - packet internet groper. Used to test the accessibility of a remote site by sending it an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply.
  • piranha - clustering package for IP service failover and load balancing.
  • PIX - Private Internet Exchange. Cisco brand of firewalls that are being used by IBM to replace the SOCKS method of connecting to Internet with a "transparent" (i.e. non socksified) connection.
  • PNG - Browsers with PNG support
  • POP3 - Post Office Protocol. Tipus de servidor de correu (entrant), o bé el protocol que implementa. També pot ser IMAP.
  • potato - stable Debian release.
  • pwl - password list. Extension for files containing encrypted passwords (95/98/Me).
    Crakers : Cain (search "pwl cracker cain" in Yahoo), WinPWL.
  • Python - powerful interpreted object-oriented programming language, often compared to Tcl, Perl, Scheme or Java. Home page, FAQs and digest and news and links.
  • qt - C++ toolkit for application development, providing a platform-independent API to all central platform functionality : GUI, database access, networking, file handling, etc. Home page.
  • RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
  • RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. Used to determine an IP address knowing only a MAC address. For example, BOOTP and RARP broadcast requests are used to get IP addresses from a BOOTP or RARPD server.
  • RPM - Red Hat Package Manager. How-To.
  • Samba - allows to share a Linux filesystem with W95, 98, or NT. And you can share W95, 98, or NT FAT filesystems with Linux. Implements SMB (Server Message Block) protocol, that Microsoft uses to share files and printer services. Home page and a HOWTO.
  • SANE - Scanner Access Now Easy.
  • SCSI - Small Computer Systems Interface.
  • SDL - Simple DirectMedia Layer. Library for low-level access to a video framebuffer, audio output, etc.
  • sed = "stream editor", wiki.
  • servlet - mechanism to extend the functionality of a web server. Intro.
  • sid - unstable Debian release, this is, untested candidate packages for future releases.
  • SIM - Subscriber Identity Module. Tarjetas usadas en los teléfonos GSM.
  • SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol. Allows IP communication through the console port. SLIP is a version of IP that runs over serial links.
  • SMP - Symmetric multiprocessor.
  • SMS - Short Message System.
  • SMTP - Simple (outbound) Mail Transfer Protocol. Defines how programs exchange email on the Internet. Performs mail routing only.
  • SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol. Agents that process requests for network management stations and report exception conditions when they occur. This requires access to information stored in a MIB.
  • SOAP - Simple Object Access Protocol. Lightweight (XML based) protocol for exchange of information in a decentralized, distributed environment. Intro.
  • SQL - Structured Query Language. A standardized query language for requesting information from a database.
  • SSL - Secure Sockets Layer. A protocol for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL works by using a public key to encrypt data that's transferred over the SSL connection.
  • StarOffice - Millora del uSoft Office. And free ! Home (Sun) and a(nother) Download site.
  • SSI - Server Side Includes. Here's a tutorial, and here's Apache's related info.
  • STP - Spanning Tree Protocol
  • S-video - composed by a chrominance (C - color) and a luminance (Y - brightness) signals. Aquí hi ha una descripció. i aquí en teniu el conector, el pinout (i un diagrama maco) i aquí una foto.
  • tamago - multilingual input environment on the GNU Emacs.
  • tcl - simple scripting language, designed to be embedded in other applications.
  • TCP - protocolo full duplex, fiable, con control de flujo, multiplexión, y conexiones lógicas.
    A reliable, full-duplex, connection-oriented, end-to-end transport protocol running on top of IP.
    Aplicaciones standard que utilizan TCP : FTP, SMTP, TELNET
  • telnet - terminal emulation protocol. Allows remote access to the command line of a switch over the network (in band).
  • tetex - TeX implementation for Linux.
  • texinfo - official documentation format of the GNU project. And there's a tool to convert it to HTML.
  • TFT - tipus de LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) basat en tecnologia Thin Film Transistor
  • TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Used for downloading software updates and configuration files to workgroup switch products.
  • tk - widget set for the X window system, to work with Tcl scripts.
  • timidity - software wavetable MIDI synthesizer.
  • Tux - nom del pinguí, mascota del Linux.
  • uClinux - microcontroller Linux, for embedded systems. Home page. Intended for microcontrollers without MMU.
  • UDP - protocolo de transporte simple, sin conexión. Hace funciones de multiplexor para enviar y recibir datagramas IP.
    Aplicaciones standard que utilizan UDP : TFTP, DNS, RPC, SNMP, Network Computers
  • UDF - Universal Disk Format.
  • URL - Universal Resource Locator.
  • USB - Universal Serial Bus.
  • vainilla - standard kernel package available in Debian.
  • VNC - "Virtual Network Computing", control remoto de un PC.
  • Web Sphere - IBM's platform for building e-business applications. Competition : (open) BEA "WebLogic", (closed) Microsoft ".NET".
  • WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy.
    Used by wireless networks.
  • wine - Windows emulator, or "Windows compatibility" layer. Home page.
  • woody - testing Debian release, this is, development version of the next release.
  • Yast - yet another setup tool. The system configuration tool used by SuSE.
  • x3270 - 3270 over TCP/IP emulation. 
     /mnt/cdrom/Packages/RPMS/   x3270-3.1.1.7-3.i386.rpm  247.726 (Ca 2.4, k 2.2.14)
 /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/     x3270-3.1.1.9-3.i386.rpm  297.218 (RH 6.2, k 2.2.14)
 /mnt/cdrom/TurboLinux/RPMS/ x3270-3.1.1.9-3.i386.rpm  292.845 (TL 6.02)
  • xdm - X Display Manager.
  • XML - Extensible Markup Language. A good intro.

    Industry standards convert to XML (SWIFT, FIX, EDI, etc).

  • YOU - Yast Online Updater (SuSE only)
  • Zoot - Red Hat Linux release 6.2
    • Ep ! Site under construction. Escriu-me ! Updated 20180806 Uf !